The Industrial and French Revolutions
The War of Independence
Define
19th Century Politics
19th Century Society and Culture
100
When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
late 18th century in England
(with the invention of the steam engine)
100
Where and when did the War of Independence break out?
May 2nd 1808 in Madrid, Spain
100
La Pepa
what people called the first Spanish constitution
100
Name the two groups fighting the First Carlist War
Carlists - absolutists
Isabellines - liberals
100
What is the wealthy class called?
the bourgeoisie
200
Where and when did the French Revolution break out?
in France in 1789
200
Who changed the Law of Succession and why?
Fernando VII changed the Law of Succession to allow his daughter Isabel to become queen
200
Which were the last two colonies to gain independence and when?
Cuba and Puerto Rico in 1898
200
Which was the first government without a king?
The First Spanish Republic
200
Name the group of writers and intellectuals who criticised Spanish society
Generation of '98 - they called for modernisation of the country
300
Define both: strikes and broke out
strikes = protests where workers refuse to work
broke out = started suddenly
300
What group met and passed the first Constitution and when?
Cortes de Cádiz in 1812
300
Parliamentary AND absolute monarchy
Parliamentary monarchy = a monarch reigns but does not rule the country.
Absolute monarchy = when the monarch has absolute power, no limits.
300
Which group approved the Constitution of 1845?
The Moderate Liberals
300
Name the three artistic styles that emerged over the century in order
1. Romanticism
2. Realism
3. Impressionism
400
The French constitution was founded on which ideas?
The revolutionaries (rebels) formed a government based on the ideas of the Enlightenment - liberty and equal political and social rights for people in every social group.
400
Which king returned to the throne after the war and what did he do?
Fernando VII of Bourbon - he abolished the Constitution and restored absolutism
400
Regency
the period of time when a person exercises power when the ruler is absent
400
Put these events in order:
Alfonso XII became king, The First Carlist War, War of Independence, Industrial Revolution, Amadeo I became king
1. Industrial Revolution - the late 18th century
2. War of Independence - 1808
3. The First Carlist War 1833-39
4. Amadeo I became king in 1870-73
5. Alfonso XII became king in 1874
400
What did realist writers and painters represent in industrial society?
Realist writers and painters began to represent the reality of the working class in industrial society
500
Why was there a population explosion in most European countries and give an example of each?
There were medical advances, like vaccines, which prevented thousands of deaths.
Also, there were technical advances in agriculture so farmers could produce more food.
500
Who painted this, what is the name of the painting, and what is happening in the painting?
- Francisco Goya
- The Executions of the 3rd of May
- The painting shows the rebellion against the French occupation of Spain
500
Define exile and explain who was exiled and why
Exile = expulsion from a country
Isabell II - a group of army generals rebelled against the Queen in 1868 and forced her into exile in France
500
Who represented the Moderate Liberals and the Progressives and what did their parties represent?
Moderate Liberals - Narváez - wealthy class supported this group, defended conservative liberalism, approved constitution of 1845
Progressives - Espartero - middle and lower classes, wanted to extend liberties to more people
500
What did impressionist painters do?
Impressionist painters experimented with technological advances and their personal interpretation of reality