Cities
This is the process of a population shift from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth of cities.
What is urbanization?
These people were about 10-15 percent of the population. They included the royal family if there was one, as well as aristocrats with noble status.
What are elite classes?
In urban cities, artisans and skilled workers often banded together in these things. These associations maintained a monopoly on their respective trades.
What is a guild?
This is a law, rule, or measure designed to protect against harm, abuse, or unauthorized actions, ensuring rights, security, or environmental quality.
What are legal safeguards?
Marriages that were setup, often by your parents or close relatives, most common in countries like India and China.
What are arranged marriages?
Although the social impact of urbanization varied from region to region, the importance of cities for trade, banking, and commerce, tended to make these larger and sometimes more influential.
What are merchant classes?
At the very bottom of any social hierarchy were these group of people, but specifically in Japan and India they had a different classification.
What are the pariah classes?
A form of human trafficking and modern-day slavery, which involves doing work through being forced and exploited, not having volunteered.
What is Coerced labor?
This is a payment of money, goods, or property from the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.
What is a dowry?
Practices of segregating women from public life and covering their bodies, rooted in social customs and religious beliefs across various cultures and time periods.
What is veiling / seclusion?
These are groups of people who have been dispersed from their homeland but maintain a connection to it through shared ancestry, history, religion, or culture.
What are diasporic communities?
This is a system of unelected officials, rules, and procedures that a government uses to implement policies and administer programs. The people at the top of this system we're also in contest with aristocrats in the hierarchy systems.
What is a state bureaucracy?
Muslim armies that recruited military slaves from the Asia Minor and the Caucasus Mountains nearby were called this.
What are mamluks?
In Medieval Europe, this cult encouraged proper conduct towards women, at least those of noble birth.
What is chivalry?
The taking of more than one wife, up to four, was practiced most famously in the Islamic world.
What is Polygamy?
This had an impact around 1300, making it harder for certain urban centers to sustain themselves than during the medieval climatic optimum just prior.
What was the Little Ice Age?
These people were located in the cities, but were one of the levels that were located further down in a social class. Examples could be shopkeepers or unskilled laborers.
What are urban lower classes?
When agricultural labor was not performed by free peasants or slaves, these would often take it under their wing. These weren't technically like slaves though, and instead were bound to land even though not seen as actual property.
What were serfs?
DOUBLE: There are two blanks, both have as many letters as spaces. Find both answers to get this questions credit. (Trying something new).
1. Women could generally inherit and own _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, although not as freely as men could. Land often made this more complicated as well. 2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, especially from abusive husbands, was possible in most places, but far harder for their wives to achieve than for husbands, where they could for almost no reason.
1. Property
2. Divorce
In China, the subjugation of women expressed itself most obviously in the painful practice of this, which kept women's feet tiny and dainty but in the process crippled them.
What is foot binding?
City life fostered this, which created a need for artisans, manual laborers, and a growing number of others who belonged which belonged neither to the elite nor to the rural, agricultural population.
What is specialization of labor?
These are ordinary persons who are not of noble rank they are married into it, and is considered a member of the general public as opposed to royalty or the aristocracy itself.
What are commoners?
Mamluks were taught to observe this code which involved not only military training, but cultural and honorable behavior as well.
What was furusiyya?
Areas that tended to allow women more freedoms and flexibility include sub-Saharan Africa, especially in the West, where descent was often traced this way.
What is Matrilineal?
The practice of taking openly-acknowledged lovers in addition to his wife, was a privilege open to men in China and other parts of Asia, as well as in the Middle East.
What is Concubinage?