People
Cardinal Manzarin
-Believed in centralized power
-Calculated delay of armed issurections
Versailles
-Most magnificent building in Europe
-Symbol of Louis's wealth+power
-Made gov have debt
Adam Smith
-Known for wealth and nations
-Concept of GDP + free market
Social contract
-Entire society agrees to be governed by the general will
Cardinal Richeliou
-Crush political threats to the monarchy
-Believed power should be with the crown
(Used power of chief minister to increase power of the king + decrease power and removed the noble class)
-Took military and political rights from hugeunots
-Set up networks of spies to crush religous conspiraters
Thomas hobbes
-Wrote Leviathan
-Saw people as selfish + quick to fight
-First to spread social contract(gave some people rights for power for protection of the government
-+ lost the right to question the gov't
Louis IV
-Took sun king(symbol of power+wealth)
-Complete control of gov
-Took powers away from nobility
-Ordered destruction of Hugeonotes churches/buildings
-Wanted religious harmony by converting the Huguenots to Catholicism
Absolutisim
-Monarchs base claim to rule on Divine Rights
-Authority comes from god; cant be questioned
-NO checks or balences
-No other gov authority to limit power
-Control all aspects of gov,economy,war,domestic and foreign affairs
-Monarchs are above law
(Effects: Huge building porjects Causes:Warfare,need for money, stability)
Edict of Nantes
-Granted religious rights to French protestant minority
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-His work made people question the government
-Wanted law made by people
-Critized enlightenment for being based on individualism
John Locke
-Thought before state of war people were free+equel
-Saw that people have rights that have to be protected even by the government
-Natural Rights(liberty,life,property)
Enlightenment
-Movement that applies reason rather than tradition to gov and society
-Newton inspired
-Europeans were dissatisfied about the lack of say in gov
-Life is unfair for peasants and urban poor
-Philosophes believe that the use of science and reason could reform the gov't, laws, and society
-Applying logic and reason
-Need to have separation of power, social contract, checks/balences
Huegonots
-representing there flunctuating nature of religous tolerance
-French pretestants
-argued/fought for religous freedom
Voltaire
-Believed God didn't interfer with the world
-Critized other religions for having religious superstition
-Campaigned for religious prejudice + slavery was based around religious superstition
laissez faire
a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Similarities
-Both wanted to modernize the state/society
-Absolutism influenced the enlightenment because the Enlightenment stated that gov should protect rights while in absolutism the king had more rights then any of the citizens
Henry IV
-Decreased power of nobility
-Improved roads, bridges, agriculture
-Issued Edict of Nantes
Denis Diderot
-Articles attacked religious superstition
-Philosophy/Art showed criticism toward king
Baron de Montesquieu
-Introduced the separation of power to the enlightenment
-Agrued for the government functions should be assigned to differ branches
-Introducing checks and balences
-Inorder for no one to get to much power
What did this do?
Reforms included the promotion of education for all classes,freedom of religion, speech, and right to own individual property.