Geography
What two rivers were essential to Mesopotamian civilization?
The Tiber and Euphrates rivers.
What is the difference between polytheism and monotheism?
How did rivers support trade?
Merchants used the Tigris-Euphrates rivers as trade routes between locations.
What was cuneiform?
Symbols that could represent syllables or words, imprinted on clay tablets using a reed stylus. World’s first writing system.
What was chivalry?
Chivalry was a moral, religious, and social code of conduct for medieval knights. Over time, it evolved to include ideals like honor, generosity, and courtly love.
Where was Rome located?
In modern-day Italy.
Who were Romulus and Remus?
They were twin brothers who supposedly founded Rome.
What was a manor?
A large estate owned by a lord or knight.
What was the Base-60 Number System?
A mathematical system where 60 seconds equaled 1 minute and 60 minutes equaled 1 hour.
How did life differ between nobles and peasants?
While nobles ruled and governed, peasants faced poverty, heavy taxation, and severe restrictions on their freedom.
When did the Middle Ages occur?
500 CE to 1500 CE.
Who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire?
Constantine.
Why was the Mediterranean important for trade?
It was a very central location to many countries, meaning many different goods could be traded across a lot of countries.
Why was Latin important?
It influenced many English words spoken today and is still used to name animals and plants.
What role did priests play in society?
They usually led the city in religious moments and had lots of power and status.
Why was Mesopotamia an ideal location for early civilizations?
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers provided fresh water in a hot and dry climate, and the rivers would flood yearly to fertilize the soil with silt from the mountains.
What was the role of the pope?
The pope had great political influence and could issue decrees across the nation.
Why was cuneiform useful for business records?
A permanent and uneditable way to track transactions.
What contributions did monasteries make to society?
They acted as vital community hubs that preserved knowledge, provided essential healthcare and charity, drove agricultural innovation, and offered vital hospitality to travelers.
Which group do you think had the most power in Mesopotamia? Why?
Kings and priests had the most power. They were the most powerful and wealthy leaders in the society.
What major physical features shaped Europe?
The Black Sea, Turkish Straits, Scandinavian Peninsula, and Iberian Peninsula.
What was the clergy?
The religious officials in the church.
How did expansion increase wealth in Rome?
New land equaled more taxpayers, more soldiers, more farmers and workers, and new farmland provided more food to feed the empire.
What was the Magna Carta?
The Magna Carta was the Great Charter that required the King of England to respect certain rights of the people.
Why were soldiers important in Roman society?
They acted as policemen, judges, and construction workers who built roads, bridges, canals, walls, and forts.