Defisfdfeiuiha
Trading for goods and services without using money.
What is the Barter System?
The fort where First Nations people could trade furs for whiskey.
What was Fort Whoop-Up?
Hudson's Bay Company.
What was the British fur trading company called?
Montreal and Quebec provided these services during the 1600s
What were the two main French fur trading and shipping centres?
This was the phase where New France become permanently established.
What was Phase 2 - Expansion Inland.
Quebec City and Montreal became shipping centres during this period.
This is when one group tries to control more of the fur trade than another
What is economic competition?
As a result of this, the First Nations had to move from their traditional territories and ended up in conflicts with each other over land.
What impacts did the decreasing beaver population have on First Nations groups?
It had rivers flowing to it-easy transportation for First Nations.
It was on a big bay-easy shipping back to England.
It was in the north-furs were thick and abundant.
Why was Hudson Bay a good location for fur trading factories?
This major seaway helped develop the fur trade.
What is the Saint Lawrence River?
Hauling heavy goods was much easier on water than on land (no railroads or highways in those days.)
During this phase, the Metis establish themselves in the Red River area.
What was Phase 4 - The Drive West.
The Metis played a crucial role as interpreters, guides, traders, provisioners, and carters.
A fur trader with the Northwest Company.
What is a Voyageur?
It caused the First Nations to begin to lose their languages.
What negative impact did the use of French and English as the main languages of the Fur Trade have on the First Nations?
It became a British Colony which meant British merchants now ran the entire fur trade.
What happened to New France in 1783?
Two questions:
They buy goods already produced by a manufacturer or supplier and sells them to the person who uses those goods.
They were the original First Nations group to perform this service between the French and First Nations.
What is a middleman or middlewoman?
Who were the Ouendat?
After the French-Haudenosaunee War, the Ouendat were defeated removing them from the fur trade.
The phase where the North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay Company.
Phase 5 - Monopoly in the West.
The competition between the two rival companies led to shootings, fights, and hostage takings. Britain ended this in 1821 by combining the two companies. The Hudson's Bay Company still exists as a department store (The Bay).
"Runners of the woods" - they were independent traders who traded directly with the first nations
What is another name for Coureur de bois?
The result that left 2/3 of First Nations dying of European diseases.
What is sometimes called the "greatest disaster" of the Fur Trade?
A factory.
What was a British fur trading post called?
Examples include Fort Churchill, York Factory, Oxford House, Rocky Mountain House, Fort Edmonton, etc.
According to this treaty, New France would not attack Haudenosaunee villages. The First Nations would not attack the French or each other. Trappers and traders could travel safely.
What was The Great Peace of Montreal?
This was the phase where trade benefited both the European and First Nations and built relationships of peace and friendship.
What was Phase 1 - The Early Fur Trade?
He was in charge of a fort and its business. He and his family lived in the largest residence, everyone else would live in small houses or shared barracks.
Who was the chief factor?
First Nations people would trade for items like guns which were very useful for hunting. However, they became dependent on Europeans for ammunition.
How did trade with Europeans put First Nations at a disadvantage?
This meant the Europeans were able to become more dominant and powerful.
The middle part of North America (not the coast). Refers to things north and west of the St. Lawrence River and south of Hudson Bay.
What is the "interior"?
They allied with the French during the 1600s.
Who were the Ouendat, Mi'kmaq, Innu, and Kichesiprini.
The phase where Britain establish the Hudson's Bay Company.
What was Phase 3 - Rival Networks?
The Hudson's Bay Company was set up to compete with France. The company was owned by a group of merchants and operated in an area claimed by Britain called Rupert's Land.