Chapter 3 Definitions
Mercantilism
A system that made a country rich from its colonies
Seigneurs
landlords, had to build a flourmill and church for the habitants
Phase 1 Dates
1500-1603
Phase 1 Key Events (2)
Cod fishery began the fur trade
began trade with the Mi'kmaq on the east coast
What was the purpose of colonies?
make money for the home country
Monopoly
the complete control of a resource by a single company
Seigneurial Farming System
originated in France, peasants farmed land owned by wealthy men.
Phase 2 Dates
1603-1670
Phase 2 Key Events (4)
France dominated the fur trade
New France was established
French and First Nations became partners
Catholic missionaries establish missions among the First Nations
What was the early economy of New France based on?
The fur trade
Sovereign Council
established by the King of France to rule in New France
Coureur de Bois
"runner of the woods", these men worked independently seeking trade with First Nations.
Phase 3 Dates
1670-1760
Phase 3 Key Events (2)
Britain began Hudsons Bay Company
Francophone Metis became a distinct culture
How did the fur trade influence the migration of peoples? (4)
The Metis put themselves in the center of the fur trade and settled at Red River
The Cree and Anishinabe expanded west with the fur trade
fur trade forts were established in the west
missionaries followed the fur traders
Habitants
Farmers who lived on seigneuries, which were large plots of land that were owned by seigneurs
Why was there such a demand for beaver pelts?
There was a beaver fur hat craze in Europe! Beaver fur hats became a status symbol
Phase 4 Dates
1760-1821
Phase 4 Key Events (6)
pemmican introduced as the perfect travel food
New France became a British colony
the Northwest company formed
territorial expansion occurred
Metis settle at Red River
Missionaries establish contact with First Nations in the West
Voyageurs
"traveler", men who travelled between fur merchants and fur trade posts (mail men of the fur trade)
British Imperialism - wanted land for farms, saw First Nations peoples as obstacles, pushed First Nations peoples aside as they established colonies
French Imperialism - wanted resources such as furs, saw the First Nations peoples as partners, tried to convert First Nations peoples to Catholicism
Phase 5 Dates
1821-1870
Phase 5 Key Events (3)
HBC and NWC join together
HBC began to lose control of its monopoly
Trade began to decline in the west