Social Studies Review

Vocabulary

100

What is the term for unfair treatment based on characteristics like race or gender?

Discrimination 

200

What is an oversimplified belief about a group of people?

Stereotype

300

A person's preconceived opinion that is not formed by reason or experience is called?

Prejudice

400

A tendency to favor one group of people over another is called?

Bias

500

What is this an example of?

A family in a developed country who can afford food and shelter but cannot afford to participate in common social activities (like going to the cinema, owning a car, or taking a modest vacation) that are typical for the average household in their society.  

Relative Poverty 

600

What is this an example of? 

A family living in a remote village who cannot afford enough food to avoid chronic hunger, lacks access to clean drinking water, and lives in a dilapidated shelter with no protection from the elements.

Absolute Poverty

700

What measurement index uses these 3 indicators? 

1. A long and healthy life: Measured by life expectancy at birth.

2. Knowledge: Measured by mean years of schooling (for adults aged 25 years and more) and expected years of schooling (for children of school-entering age).

3. A decent standard of living: Measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.

The Human Development Index. 

800

Horizontal lines that never meet are called________.  They start at the ____ and end at _______. 

Latitude Lines (Parallels)

Equator (0 degrees) 

Poles (90 Degrees)

900

Vertical lines that meet at the _________ are called _________. They start at the__________ and measure approximately _________ between each line at the equator.

Poles (South and North Poles)

Longitude lines (Meridians)

Prime Meridian 

15 Degrees

1000

Name all 11 topics that the Better Life Index measures for a countries well being.

1. Housing 

2. Income

3. Jobs 

4. Community

5.Education  

6. Environment 

7. Civic Engagement

8. Health 

9. Life Satisfaction 

10. Safety 

11.Work-life Balance

Physical Geography

100

Label the Map. 7 Continents and 5 Oceans

Continents (Red)

1. North America, 2. South America, 3. Africa, 4. Europe, 5. Asia, 6. Australia (Oceania) 7. Antarctica

Oceans (Blue)

1. Artic Ocean, 2. Atlantic Ocean, 3 Pacific Ocean, 4. Southern Ocean (Antarctic Ocean), 5. Indian Ocean  

200

In the picture below, select which letter best explains the reason why we have Seasons?

• A

• B

• C

• D

B

300

In the picture below, select which letter best explains the reason we have different climates?

• A

• B

• C

• D

D

400

How do latitude and longitude help us locate places on a map.

Latitude and longitude form a global grid system that allows us to pinpoint the exact absolute location of any place on Earth. Think of it like a giant set of coordinates, similar to how you use an (x, y) grid in mathematics to locate a point.

500

At what angle does the Sun's rays hit the equator?

90 degrees 

600

For mountainous regions, the factor that would affect the climate the most is...

Altitude is the dominant factor that creates the unique and often dramatic climate variations within a mountainous region itself, leading to distinct altitudinal climate zones.

It causes temperature changes (higher you go up the colder it gets), Precipitation (Rain shadow effect), and alters Wind Patterns.

700

What landform is this?

Isthmus

800

What landform is this?

Peninsula

900

Describe what an Atoll looks like.

An atoll is a geological formation found in warm, tropical or subtropical oceans. It is essentially a ring-shaped island or chain of islets made of coral that completely or partially encloses a central body of water called a lagoon.

Key Characteristics: Ring shaped, Coral Composition, Central Lagoon, Low-lying Islands, Tropical Waters

1000

Describe what an archipelago looks like.

An archipelago is simply a group or chain of islands that are clustered together in a body of water. 

Key characteristics: Scattered islands, Varying Proximity, Separated by Water. 

Climate and Weather

100

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Weather is short-term and can change quickly.

Climate is long-term and describes average weather patterns.

200

True or False. 

Latitude affects climate more than longitude.

Double points if can explain why. 

True, because it directly influences the amount and intensity of sunlight a region receives throughout the year, which is the primary driver of long-term temperature patterns. 

300

Name two factors that affect climate.

1. Latitude — This determines how much sunlight a region receives throughout the year. Areas near the equator get more direct sunlight and tend to have warmer climates, while regions closer to the poles receive less sunlight and have colder climates.

2. Elevation — Higher altitudes generally have cooler temperatures. For example, mountainous regions can have colder climates than nearby lowlands because temperature decreases with elevation.

400

Which climate zone has the richest biodiversity?

Tropical Climate

500

What climate types does Earth have?

Polar, Temperate/Mediterranean, Dry, and Tropical  

600

 How does latitude influence climate?

latitude shapes climate by affecting how much sun rays reaches the Earth's surface in different places, setting the stage for the average temperature and weather patterns that define a region’s climate. This is why latitude is one of the key factors influencing climate, along with elevation and others.

700

What do ocean currents and wind patterns do?

Ocean currents distribute heat globally, mainly impacting coastal climates. 

Wind patters affect ocean currents and precipitation patterns that influence local weather climate.

800

What is a Rain Shadow?

A rain shadow forms when mountains block moist air, causing precipitation on one side and creating dry conditions on the other. This changes the climate and the types of plants that can grow, illustrating the strong link between geography, climate, weather elements, and vegetation.

900

Why is the desert extremely hot during the day and extremely cold at night?

Differential Heating of Land and Water:
Deserts are mostly land with very little moisture or water bodies nearby. Land heats up and cools down much faster than water. During the day, the sun’s energy rapidly warms the desert land, causing extremely high temperatures. 

1000

What are the main elements of weather?

1. Temperature — How hot or cold the air is, influenced by factors like latitude and elevation.
2. Humidity — The amount of moisture or water vapor in the air.
3. Precipitation — Any form of water falling from the sky, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
4. Wind — The movement of air from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, affecting temperature and moisture distribution.
5. Cloud Cover — The amount and type of clouds in the sky, which can influence temperature and precipitation.
6. Visibility — How far we can see, affected by fog, rain, or dust.

Time Zones/Coordinates

100

Fill in the blank.

The Earth rotates______ in _____hours, meaning it rotates about _____ every hour.

360°, 24, 15°

200

True or false. 

Time increases going westward and decreases going eastward.

 False.

300

How many time zones does Canada have? 

Double points if you could name all. 

6

Double points:

 Pacific (PST), Mountain (MST), Central (CST), Eastern (EST), Atlantic (AST), and Newfoundland Time (NST)

400

Describe the connection between longitude and time zones.

The connection between longitude and time zones is fundamental to how we organize time across the globe. It's based on the Earth's rotation and the concept of how sunlight reaches different parts of the planet.

500

What line of Longitude does the International Date line loosely follow (in degrees)?

_{180° line of longitude.}

600

You want to meet your friend online to fortnite. They live on the very East side of Africa, and they will be on at 8 p.m. What time should I sign on from Winnipeg?

So, when it’s 8 pm in Eastern Africa, it is:

8 pm − 9 hours = 11 a.m.

I will need to sign on at 11 am in Winnipeg.

700

Which letter lies on the following coordinates: 45 degrees S, 150 degrees E?

I

800

Which Ocean is in 15 degrees S, 75 degrees E?

Indian Ocean

900

What kind of climate might letter B may have?

Temperate/Continental/Mediterranean Climate. 

Temperate/Continental/Mediterranean climates experience moderate temperatures with distinct seasons. This climate zone receives ample rainfall and have diverse ecosystems.

1000

Sandra lives in a city located at 28.5° North latitude and 81.4° West longitude, and her friend, Lily, lives in a city at 33.9° South latitude and 151.2° East longitude . 

Which cities do Sandra and Lily live in? 

Double points if you can answer:

Calculate the approximate time difference between Sandra's city and Lily's city, assuming both use their standard time zones without daylight saving.

Sandra's city is Orlando, Florida, USA.

Lily's city is Sydney, Australia.

Double points: Sydney is approximately 15 hours ahead of Orlando (standard time, no daylight saving).

Quality of Life

100

What does "quality of life" refer to?

"Quality of life" refers to the overall well-being and satisfaction a person or group experiences in their daily life.

200

Describe the difference between standard of living and quality of life.

Standard of living refers mainly to the material and economic aspects of life. It measures how well people can afford basic needs and goods such as income, housing, food, healthcare, education, and access to services

Quality of life, on the other hand, is broader and more subjective. It includes not only material well-being but also emotional, social, and psychological factors.

300

What is HDI and what factors does it take into account?

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure used to assess and compare the overall development and well-being of countries beyond just economic wealth. 

HDI takes into account three main factors:

1. Health 
2. Education 
3. Standard of living

400

What is the term for people who have jobs and earn income but still live in poverty because their earnings are too low to cover basic needs like food, housing, healthcare, and education. Despite being employed, their standard of living remains low.

Working poor. 

500

Explain the Poverty Cycle. 

Double point if you can connect it to ideas of quality of life and the HDI. 

The poverty cycle is a repeating pattern where poverty causes conditions that make it very hard for people or families to escape poverty, trapping them in a continuous loop.

Double points: 

Here’s how it connects to the ideas of quality of life, standard of living, and HDI:

1. Low standard of living. People living in poverty often lack enough income to meet basic needs like food, housing, healthcare, and education. This means their standard of living is very low, limiting access to essential resources. 

2. Poor quality of life. Because of this, their overall well-being is affected. Limited healthcare leads to poor health and shorter life expectancy, and lack of education reduces opportunities for better jobs. Emotional stress and limited social support also lower quality of life. 

3. Impacts all HDI factors. The poverty cycle lowers all three HDI components — health suffers (low life expectancy), education is limited (few years of schooling), and income remains low (poor standard of living). This keeps countries or communities stuck at low human development levels. 

4. Reinforcing Loop: Because of poor health and education, people cannot improve their income or living conditions, so the cycle repeats for the next generation.

600

What problems can start a cycle of poverty? 

Hunger, Illiteracy, War and Conflict, lack of shelter,  and Lack of government assistance.

700

What are some ways to break the cycle of poverty? Give an example.

Answer may vary but to break the cycle of poverty, it’s important to address the key problems that keep people trapped by improving their standard of living and quality of life. 

Examples may vary: 

1. Improve Access to Education
   Provide free or affordable quality education and vocational training to increase skills and job opportunities.

2. Enhance Healthcare Services
   Ensure access to basic healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation to improve health and life expectancy.

3. Create Stable Employment Opportunities
   Support job creation, fair wages, and worker protections to raise income levels and reduce the working poor.

4. Provide Safe and Affordable Housing
   Improve living conditions to promote health and emotional well-being.

5. Offer Social Support and Government Assistance
   Implement programs like food aid, childcare, and financial help to support vulnerable families during hard times.

6. Promote Community Development and Peace
   Address conflicts and build strong, supportive communities that provide safety and resources.

800

How does overpopulation impact Earth? Give an example. 

Answers may very but essentially overpopulation impacts Earth in several significant and interconnected ways, affecting the environment, resources, and human well-being. 

Examples may vary to one of the following: 

Resource depletion. More people means a demand for more resources like water, food, and energy.  

Environmental degradation. Overpopulation contributes to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and increased greenhouse gas emissions, accelerating climate change. 

Habitat loss. To accommodate growing populations, natural habitats are often converted into urban or agricultural land, threatening wildlife and disrupting ecosystems. 

Increased pollution. Overcrowded cities produce more air and water pollution, harming both ecosystems and human health. 

Strain on Infrastructure and Services. Overpopulation stresses healthcare, education, transportation, and housing systems, reducing quality of life and increasing poverty risks 

Climate Change Acceleration. Higher consumption and waste production from a larger population contribute to global warming, affecting weather patterns and sea levels.

900

Explain what Urbanization means and how it relates to Overpopulation.

Urbanization is the process where more people move from rural areas to cities in search of better jobs, education, healthcare, and living conditions—that is, to improve their standard of living and quality of life. 

Answers may very but rapid urbanization can cause several problems like: 

Strain on housing and infrastructure. 

Limited access to services. 

Increased poverty and working poor. 

Overburdened resources.  

1000

What are some effective ways to manage overpopulation?

Answers may vary to one of the following: 

1. Education and Awareness: Promote education, especially for girls and women, about family planning, reproductive health, and the impacts of overpopulation.

2. Access to Family Planning: Provide widespread access to contraception and reproductive healthcare so people can make informed choices about the number and spacing of their children.

3. Economic Development: Improve living standards and reduce poverty, as higher incomes often correlate with lower birth rates.

4. Empowering Women: Support gender equality and women's rights, including access to education and employment opportunities, which tend to lower fertility rates.

5. Government Policies: Implement policies that encourage smaller families, such as incentives or awareness campaigns.

6. Healthcare Improvements: Reduce infant and child mortality rates so families feel less need to have many children.

7. Sustainable Urban Planning: Develop infrastructure and housing to accommodate growing populations without harming the environment.

Discrimination

100

Name a way to challenge stereotypes.

Speak up when you hear or see it.

200

What is Prejudice? Give an example.

Prejudice is a preconceived opinion or judgment about a person or group that is not based on actual experience or reason. It often involves negative feelings or attitudes toward people based on characteristics like race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or other differences.

Example may vary but may be similar to this example:
If someone assumes a classmate is not good at math simply because of their ethnicity, without knowing their actual skills or abilities, that is prejudice. This unfair judgment can lead to discrimination and harm relationships.

300

Why might even positive stereotypes be problematic?

They can create unrealistic expectations and pressure on individuals.

400

What is the following an example of?

A student assumes that a new classmate from a different country will not be good at sports just because of their nationality, without ever seeing them play or getting to know them.

Prejudice

500

What can you do to create a more welcoming classroom? 

Double points if you can name 5 different ways.

Answers may vary but could be any of the following: 

1. Show Respect and Kindness: Treat classmates and teachers with respect. Use polite language and listen when others speak. Small acts of kindness make everyone feel valued.

2. Celebrate Diversity: Embrace and appreciate differences in culture, background, and ideas. Encourage classmates to share their unique perspectives to enrich the learning environment.

3. Include Everyone: Make an effort to include all peers in group activities and conversations. Avoid cliques and invite quieter students to join in.

4. Use Positive Communication: Speak encouragingly and avoid negative or hurtful comments. Help build a supportive atmosphere where everyone feels safe to express themselves.

5. Be Open to Learning: Show curiosity about others’ experiences and be willing to learn from different viewpoints. This openness fosters empathy and understanding.

6. Practice Empathy: Try to understand how others feel and offer support when someone is struggling. Being compassionate helps build trust and friendship.

7. Follow Classroom Norms: Respect classroom rules that promote fairness and safety. Consistent behavior supports a stable and welcoming space for learning.

8. Help Create a Positive Physical Space: Participate in keeping the classroom tidy and decorate with inclusive materials that reflect the diversity of the group.

600

Provide an example of how discrimination can affect individuals.

Answer may vary but should be related to one of the points. Individuals experiencing discrimination may feel any of the following:  

• Emotional Effects: Feeling isolated, anxious, or depressed due to being treated unfairly or excluded by peers or teachers.
• Academic Impact: Reduced participation in class or lower grades because of a lack of support or encouragement.
• Social Consequences: Difficulty forming friendships or trusting others, leading to loneliness.
• Long-term Outcomes: Lower self-esteem and limited access to educational and career opportunities.

700

How can learning about different cultures help combat discrimination?

It fosters understanding and respect for differences.

800

What role does bias attitudes play in discrimination?

Bias plays a central role in discrimination by influencing attitudes, judgments, and behaviors toward individuals or groups based on preconceived notions rather than objective facts. It is the starting point for hateful actions (at the base of the pyramid of hate).  

900

How do stereotypes contribute to prejudice?

Stereotypes contribute to prejudice by creating oversimplified and fixed ideas about a group of people. These generalizations often ignore individual differences and lead to unfair assumptions. When people rely on stereotypes, they may form negative attitudes or beliefs about others without truly knowing them, which fuels prejudice.

1000

What are the characteristics of fascism and how does it relate to the totalitarian system?

Fascism, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized control, and suppression of opposition, often leads to a totalitarian system.

UN/Human Rights

100

What is the UN?

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries worldwide. It provides a platform where member countries work together to address global issues such as conflict resolution, human rights, development, and humanitarian aid.

200

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a landmark document adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 1948 that outlines fundamental human rights to be universally protected. It sets out basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, regardless of nationality, race, or background.

300

What are some human rights protected in Canada? Double points if you know all 5 types of rights protected. 

The human rights protection in Canada is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, part of the Constitution Act, 1982.

The Charter guarantees rights such as:

• Freedom of expression and religion
• Equality before the law and protection against discrimination
• Right to life, liberty, and security of the person
• Democratic rights like voting
• Legal rights including fair trial and protection from unreasonable search and seizure

400

What are the Pillars of the UN? 

1. Peace and Security

2. Human Rights 

3. Development 

500

Describe the structure of the United Nations.

The United Nations (UN), is an international organization dedicated to promoting peace, security, cooperation, and human rights worldwide. 

600

What are a few Sustainable Development Goals supported by the UN?

Double points if you can name 10!

Answers may vary but need to be a few of the following: 

1. No Poverty
End poverty in all its forms everywhere, supporting the UDHR’s right to an adequate standard of living.

2. Zero Hunger
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

3. Good Health and Well-being
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

4. Quality Education
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities, reflecting the UDHR’s right to education.

5. Gender Equality
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, upholding freedom from discrimination as in the UDHR and Canadian laws.

6. Clean Water and Sanitation
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

7. Affordable and Clean Energy
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy.

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work.

9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.

10. Reduced Inequality
Reduce inequality within and among countries, supporting equality principles in the UDHR and Canadian law.

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

12. Responsible Consumption and Production
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

13. Climate Action
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

14. Life Below Water
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources.

15. Life on Land
Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.

16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable institutions—directly related to the UN Security Council, International Court of Justice, and Canada’s legal protections.

17. Partnerships for the Goals
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

700

What are a few of the 30 Universal Declaration Human Rights? 

Bonus if you can name 15!

Answers may vary.

800

Describe what the United Nations is and how it impacts countries around the world.

Answers may vary but relate to this statement:

The United Nations impacts countries worldwide by fostering cooperation on peace and security, setting universal human rights standards through the UDHR, and guiding sustainable development via the SDGs. Through these efforts, the UN helps countries like Canada and others uphold human rights, promote equality, and work together for a better, more just world.

900

What is the General Assembly

Answers may vary but relate to this statement: 

The General Assembly is one of the main organs of the United Nations (UN) and serves as its central deliberative body. It brings together all 193 member states, giving each an equal voice to discuss and address global issues, including peace, security, human rights, and development.

1000

Who is the UN's current Secretary-General of the UN and what does the Secretary-General do?

The current Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) is António Guterres. He has held this role since January 1, 2017.

The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer and leader of the United Nations (UN), playing a crucial role in guiding the organization’s mission to promote peace, human rights, and sustainable development worldwide.