caliphs
Who was the first prophet
Muhammad
What is the first pillar
- shahadah
- the professional of faith
- you must affirm monotheism and that Muhammad is gods messenger by saying “I bear witness that there is no god but god, and that Muhammad is the messenger of god“ in front of two Muslims
What did the Sunni believe
The Sunni believed that the next prophet should be whoever was closest with Muhammad
Qur’an
The holy book containing the words of god
Main similarities and differences between the beliefs of Judaism, Christianity and Islam
All: monotheism, Jerusalem is a holy city, all stories include Adam, Noah, Moses and Abraham
judaism: Abraham is gods messenger and the Torah is the holy book
christianity: Jesus is the divine Messiah and son of god, bible is the holy book
islam: founded by Muhammad, strict monotheism, Jesus is a prophet not divine, Qur’an is the holy book
Who was the first caliph after Muhammad’s death
Abu Bakr
-he used military force to reunite the community
-he united Arabia
What is the second pillar
- salat
- praying five times a day at dawn, noon, mid afternoon, sunset and after nightfall
- before praying, wash your hands, face, arms and feet
- unlike Jews and Christian’s, there is no day of rest
What did the Shia believe
The Shia believed that the prophet should be Muhammad’s closest relative
Sunnah
The book containing Muhammad’s actions and explaining how to follow Qur’an
What happened to Jews and Christians after the spread of the Muslim empire
They were classified as protected people, or people of the book, so they got special benefits like being able to practice religion in their own home and were allowed personal property and legal autonomy (?) in exchange for taxes and accepting a lower social status
Who was caliph Umar
- He was the second caliph
- he expanded the Muslim empire and won over new land and resources
-he gave taxes to everyone in the new Muslim empire which expanded into Iraq, Persia, East Mediterranean, and North Africa
- he allowed Jews and Christian’s to practice their religion in their own homes
What is the third pillar
- zakat
- you must donate 2.5% of your wealth each year to the poor
- to purify and get rid of greed, obsessions and desires
What percentage of Muslims was sunni
Sunni made up 85 to 90% while shia was only 10 to 15% of Muslims
Hadith
Stories told by other people of Muhammads actions
Why did wealthy meccans not like Muhammad
They viewed him as a threat to their social class and they boycotted him, spread propaganda and did genocide-y things
What fatal incident did caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib cause
- final caliph
- some Muslims challenged his rule because he was picked by the Shia
- this led to the start of the civil war which resulted in fighting two battles, one ending in victory, the other in negotiation
- later, one of the former supporters of him killed him
What is the fourth pillar
- siyam
- fasting during the month of ramadan/ the ninth month of the Islamic calendar
- do not eat or drink while the sun is in the sky for a month so that you can think about god, what it is like to be starving and lose greed
What did the Sunni and shia agree on
Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and most of the foundation of Islam
Imam
Muhammad’s direct relative
What was life like in the Arabian peninsula during the 600s
Life was okay, people lived in clans and tribes, in a nomadic lifestyle. It was a religious center and they had a majorly trading based economy. however, there was a lack of womens rights (🖕👎😡) and wars because they were mostly ruled by rich people
Why did rebels kill caliph Uthman
- third caliph
- tried to unite Muslims by making one official version of the Qur’an
- awarded high posts to relatives and was claimed to rule unfairly, so rebels killed him after his 12 year reign
What is the fifth pillar
- hajj
- a once in a lifetime pilgrimage where you confess your mistakes and ask for forgiveness
- clean your slate and get a fresh start
what is one main difference and one main similarity between them
Similarity: they both agree that Ali ibn Abi Talib is a legitimate leader
difference: Sunni thinks that whoever knew Muhammad best should be the next prophet, but shia thinks that Muhammad’s closest relative should be the next prophet
jihad
greater jihad and lesser jihad are the inner and outer struggles in one’s life. Jihad means to strive
What is:
Caliphate, shari’ah, muezzin, Quiblah, qadi, mufti and Khadijah
caliphate is government led by a caliph. Shari’ah is using the holy books to search to understand gods laws. Muezzins are the people who do the call to prayer over the loud speakers. Quiblah is the direction Muslims face while praying. Qadi is an Islamic judge. Mufti is an Islamic legal authority for religious matters, finally khadijah was Muhammad’s wife and one true love