The age of Social Change
Name the Social groups in the Russian Society.
Conservatives, Liberals and Radicals
In 1914, which monarchy ruled over the Russian Empire
Which day came to be known as International Womens Day.
22nd February 1917
What was the New Soviet Cloth selected after the clothing competition organised in 1918?
The Budeonovka hat.
What is the suffragette movement and which social group supported it?
Suffragette movement is a movement to give women the right to vote. This movement was supported by Radicals.
What religions were present in the Russian Empire?
Russian Orthodox Christianity, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists
What were the reasons which made the Tsar unpopular during WW1?
Anti-German sentiments ran high, So the Queens- Tsarina Alexandra's German origin made it unpopular. Also a Monk called Rasputin made the Monarch unpopular.
Name a few Secret Police from USSR.
Cheka First, NKVD, and OGPU
Who were the key figures behind the socialist movement in Europe?
The key figures behind the socialist movement in Europe were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who co-authored "The Communist Manifesto," advocating for the overthrow of capitalist societies and the establishment of a classless society. Other significant figures include Robert Owen (a social reformer) and Louis Blanc (a French socialist)
Describe the division of the Socialist Revolutionary Party over the strategy of organisation.
The Socialist Revolutionary Party was divided between the Bolsheviks (the majority) and the Mensheviks (the minority). The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin and thought that in a repressive society like Tsarist russia the party should be disciplined and should control the number and quality of its members. The Mensheviks were led by Julius martov and believed that the party should be open to all.
What led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution?
Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in March 1917 due to widespread discontent caused by his autocratic rule, economic hardship, and military failures in World War I. The February Revolution, sparked by food shortages and strikes, led to mass protests and military mutinies, forcing Nicholas to abdicate as he lost the support of the military, political elites, and the general public.
Explain the Groups at conflict during the Russian Civil War.
Bolsheviks (the reds). During 1918 and 1919, the 'greens' (Socialist Revolutionaries) and 'whites' (pro-Tsarist) controlled most of the Russian Empire. They were backed up by French, American, British and Japanese troops.
Who all believed in the idea of Co-operatives and describe their contribution.
i) Robert owen (1771-1858), a leading English manufacturer, sought to build a cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana USA.
ii) Louis Blanc (1813-1882), wanted the government to encourage co-operatives and replace capitalist enterprises.
Analyze the role of the First World War in shaping the Russian Revolution.
World War I played a major role in the Russian Revolution. The war caused severe economic strain on Russia, with food shortages, inflation, and a collapsing economy. The military defeats demoralized the Russian army, and millions of soldiers died. These conditions contributed to the growing discontent among workers, peasants, and soldiers, leading to the February Revolution in 1917 and the eventual success of the Bolshevik Revolution later that year.
Examine the role of the Petrograd Soviet during the February Revolution. How did it emerge as a powerful political force?
The Petrograd Soviet, composed of workers’ and soldiers’ representatives, gained influence by addressing immediate concerns like food supply, working conditions, and soldiers’ grievances. Its Order No. 1, which placed the military under its control, undermined the authority of the Provisional Government and cemented its position as a key revolutionary body.
How did the Bolsheviks address the issue of land and agriculture after the October Revolution?