Personality and Birth Order
What are the 4 major factors that shape personality?
Heredity, birth order, parental characteristics, cultural environment
What was one trait Jack and Oskar had in common?
-liked spicy/sweet foods
-good at math and sports
-similar obsessive bathroom routines
-similar rate of speech
What type of mother did Harlow's monkeys prefer?
the soft and warm mother instead of cold wire mother with milk
Who coined the term to describe our inborn drive for self gratification and what is this drive called?
What are the 4 major agents of Socialization?
Family, Peers, School, Media
What is an example of a parental characteristic that could shape personality?
Age, occupation, education, religion, language etc.
Why were researchers interested in studying Jack and Oskar?
Because they are identical twins raised apart. They have the same exact DNA, but were exposed to different social environments. This helps researchers understand the nature vs nurture argument.
Why did Susan Curtis and others think Genie never learned to develop complex language and grammar skills?
She missed the critical learning period due to isolation
What theory/theorist examines how our "sense of self" developed out of childhood play?
Role Taking Theory/ Mead
Learning to be quiet, wait, stay in line, and act interested are all parts of the hidden curriculum we learn in.....
school
What are some common personality traits of first-born children?
high achieving, responsible, conservative and less likely to rebel against parents
What do researchers think has a bigger influence on personality, nature, or nuture?
Researchers say there is a 50:50 influence from nature and nurture. Genes and environment both play a role. Sometimes genes themselves can be influenced by the physical environment (so nature is affected by nurture).
Why is it hypothesized that Isabelle had a better social outcome than Anna or Genie?
While not spoken to and isolated, Isabelle received physical affection from her mother
Balances internalized expectations of society (supergo) with internal basic needs (id).
Books, movies, sports, music, celebrities all form a socializing force we call what?
media
What are some common personality traits of middle born children (Gavin and Gus)?
social and independent
How were Jack and Oskar different? What does this suggest about the power of nurture?
Men had different political beliefs and different dispositions toward work and leisure. This suggests that orientation to life and attitudes are more shaped by environment than genes.
What was the effect of social isolation on Harlow's monkeys?
-did not know how to play, could not pretend to fight
-were rejected by other monkeys
-could not have sexual intercourse or care for babies
What is the major change in the way we think as we transition from the concrete to formal operational stages defined by Piaget?
Children go from understanding concrete concepts like size and counting to abstract concepts like socialization and deviance!
Which force of socialization is with us the longest in life?
family, siblings, parents
What are some common personality traits of last-born children?
What was the major learning of Skeels' and Dye's work with children from orphanages?
What was the major difference between Noam Chomsky's and Lennenberg's theories of language development?
Chomsky believed language skills come from our biological nature, Lennenberg said we gain language through interaction with others during the critical learning period.
List the three stages in order Cooley describes in his "looking glass-self" theory.
1) We imagine how others might react to us ahead of time.
2) We interpret how other react to our actions in real time.
3) We reflect on our interpretations (which may be inaccurate) and form a sense of self-concept.
What are two theories Sociologists might use to explain why society has gender roles?
1) conflict theory (power struggle)
2) functionalism (division of labor)