Once the elite fighting corps of the Empire, by the early 19C they were more interested in palace intrigue than military innovation.
What is the Janissaries?
100
A royal title that derives from “Caesar.”
What is tsar? (or czar also accepted)
100
The British East India Company sought an alternative to bullion for gaining access to the Chinese market with this addictive commodity.
What is opium?
100
The Tokugawa dynasty dominated Japan’s political life through this military title and position.
What is the shogun?
100
Gunboat “diplomacy” by this nation opened Japan to world trade in the 19C.
What is the United States?
200
Nothing symbolized undesirable foreign influence more than these, which exempted European visitors from Ottoman law and gave foreign European powers extraterritoriality.
What are capitulations?
200
This conflict demonstrated how weak and backward the Russian Empire was relative to western industrialized powers.
What is the Crimean War?
200
In 1759 Emperor Qianlong restricted Europeans commercial presence to this southern port.
What is Guangzhou? (Canton also accepted)
200
On 3 January 1858, Mutushito came power in Japan and became better known by this regnal name which means “Enlightened Rule.”
What is Meiji?
200
Charged with stemming the imports of opium, Chinese official Lin Zexu wrote a famous letter to this European monarch imploring an end to the destructive trade.
Who is Queen Victoria?
300
Following the departure of Napoleon from Egypt, this energetic fighter came to power and ruled Egypt with virtual autonomy from 1805 to 1848.
Who is Muhammad Ali?
300
The event in Russian history happened “from above”—by edict of Tsar Alexander II—to prevent it from occurring “from below.”
What is the emanicipation of the serfs?
300
The collective name for a series of pacts China signed in the wake of military confrontations with European imperial powers.
What are unequal treaties?
300
This supposedly temporary “tent government” of the Tokugawa regime lasted from 1600 until 1858.
What is bakufu?
300
The U.S. Commodore who “opened” Japan in 1853.
Who is Matthew C. Perry?
400
Meaning “reorganization,” this era of reform focused on the army, but also included legal and educational reforms.
What is Tanzimat?
400
The “system” of this finance minister at the turn of the 20th century aimed at “kindling a healthy spirit of enterprise.”
Who is Count Sergei Witte?
400
The more well-known name in the West for anti-foreign militia that called themselves the Society for Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
What is the Boxers?
400
The national legislature of Japan created by Meiji officials who were hungry for reform.
What is the Diet?
400
Vietnam became part of its sphere of influence in 1885.
What is France?
500
The nickname by which the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress was better known.
What is the Young Turk Party?
500
A terrorist faction of the Land and Freedom Party that eventually succeeded in assassinating the reformist Tsar Alexander II.
What is the People's Will?
500
The leader of the Taiping who came to believe he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ?
What is Hong Xiuquan?
500
These “wealthy cliques” in Meiji Japan developed a yen for economic power.
What are zaibatsu?
500
This infamous British gunboat certainly proved to be one for China during the Opium War.