Inequality & Poverty
Technology, the decline of manufacturing, globalization, government policies
What are the four contributing factors to growing economic inequality
The process by which individuals move from one place to another
What is migration
This social science theory:
States in capitalist societies are compelled to focus on policies that will keep the economy growing and healthy
What is structural power of business
generates a quarter of the electricity consumed by Americans
is the world’s dirtiest source of electricity
is a leading source of air pollution and global warming
What is coal combustion?
focuses on addressing the causes of disease incidence in entire populations rather than just individual cases
this approach contrasts with the “high-risk” approach, which target individuals at higher risk of developing a disease
What is THE POPULATION MODEL FOR PREVENTION
Measure used in US definition of poverty, attempts to define minimum amount of income needed for basic needs, does not adjust for changes in living standards
What is absolute poverty
Migration decisions are made not by individual actors, but within larger units of interrelated people, people act collectively to maximize income and status and to minimize risk
What is new economics of migration
us vs. them, people vs the elite
What is populism
most environmentally harmful form of resource depletion
most is a result of farming
tropical rain forests (natural habitat for two-thirds of all species on planet, crucial for capturing CO2 and converting to oxygen)
What is deforestation?
What perspective is this:
acknowledges that stimuli early in life or throughout life can lead to health effects or later in the life course
What is life-course perspective on health
The pattern of intergenerational inheritance in a society
What is social mobility?
A system in which the immigration enforcement system is integrated with the day-to-day operations of the criminal justice system, policies that prioritize deporting “criminal aliens” to justify an immigration enforcement system that extends into jails and across local law enforcement
What is crimmigation?
unions, social movements, interest groups
“poor people’s movements” = hard to organize
unions = enduring organizational capacity
declining strength of organized labor
international treaty signed in 1997 that aimed to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
health insurance for all Americans over 65
What is medicare
Conflicting economic interests with other classes, similar life chances in life, potential to engage in collective action, similar attitudes
This stage of demographic transition:
death rates begin to decline while birth rates remain high, leading to rapid population growth
This dimension of power:
situations in which we can see power at work when one party prevails in a conflict
What is dimension 1?
When governments:
limit the total amount of carbon emissions that are allowable, and firms purchase pollution credits from other firms that are emitting less pollution than their permit entitles.
What is the cap and trade program
provides low-cost health coverage to children in families that earn too much money to qualify for medicaid, in some states CHIP covers pregnant women (joint state + federal program)
What is CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program)
One in which there is relatively little connection between parents’ and children’s place in life; mobility can be upwards or downwards
High mobility
The average number of children a woman would have if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children according to current age-specific fertility rates
This social science theory:
people promoted into power have been groomed by people already in power, so are predisposed to favor those interests
produced when gases like CO2 allow sun’s heat to pass through to Earth’s surface while strooping it from spreading back into space
causes global warming
What is the greenhouse effect?
an epidemic that spreads throughout more than one region of the world, such as COVID-19
What is a pandemic?