Studies
This study examined how gender stereotypes influence children's beliefs about abilities and interests
Hilliard & Liben
The tendency to favor member's of one's own group over those in other groups
In-group bias
This theory proposes that individuals derive part of their self-concept from the social groups they belong to
Social Identity Theory (SIT)
One advantage of lab experiments is the ability to establish what type of relationship between variables
Correlational/Cause-Effect
An immigrant experiences this because expectations from their home culture conflict with expectations from the dominant culture.
Acculturative Stress
This study demonstrated stereotype threat by showing that African American students performed worse on a difficult test when their race was emphasized.
Steele & Aronson
The transmission of cultural knowledge, values, and norms across generations
Enculturation
The stage of Social Identity Theory where individuals adopt the norms and attitudes of their group
Social Identification
In Steele & Aronson's Study - What was the Dependent Variable?
Performance on the test
People say that IB Psych teachers never get stuff graded on time. Mr. Ennen feels ________ when trying to meet deadlines because of this.
Fill in the blank - AND the reason for this
Anxiety - Stereotype Threat
Investigated whether cultural differences in individualism vs collectivism affected conformity
Berry & Katz
The process of adjusting to a new culture while maintaining aspects of one's original culture
Integration
Psychological prominence of a specific group identity in a given context, making it more likely to guide an individual's attitudes, emotions, and behaviors
Salience
Why might stereotype research rely heavily on controlled experimental conditions?
To isolate the effects of stereotypes on behavior
(Remove other variables is also an acceptable answer)
Children imitate aggressive behavior after watching a model receive praise for that behavior. Which mechanism for observational learning explains why this behavior is more likely to be copied?
Motivation (Vicarious Reinforcement)
This study investigated which factors in the lives of Latino immigrants to the United States would decrease the level of acculturative stress
Miranda & Matheny
Which acculturation strategy often leads to the greatest levels of acculturative stress?
Marginalization
The idea that cognition, behavior, and environments are determinants of one another
Reciprocal Determinism
Participants in Tajfel's study were adolescent boys recruited from schools. What limitation does this introduce?
Limited Generalizability/Sampling Bias
Give a real world example of Social Cognitive Theory maintaining stereotypes
Answers vary - but should mention how learning this behavior from parents/surroundings is common
To investigate the role of TV aggression in children's behavior
Joy, Kimball, & Zabrack
Some psychologists argue stereotypes may form when limited observations about a group become exaggerated and generalized to the entire population of that group. What concept describes this explanation for the origin of stereotypes?
Grain of truth hypothesis
According to Social Cognitive Theory, what four processes MUST occur for observational learning to happen?
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation
Why was Tajfel's use of meaningless groups important for testing SIT?
It demonstrated the Minimum Group Paradigm
In cultures where people feel uncomfortable with ambiguity and rely heavily on rules and structure to guide behavior, which cultural dimension is high, and give an example of how this affects behavior.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Examples vary, but anything in regards to structure, or consistency will work here. (Example: Students ask for a very detailed rubric for an assignment, or employees will stay at a company for years)