DEFINITIONS & KEY TERMS
What psychological approach explains behavior, thoughts, and feelings through social environment, cultural norms, and interactions?
The sociocultural approach.
Which organization warned in April 2002 that physical inactivity was a leading cause of disease and disability?
The World Health Organization.
Which study concluded that obesity rates increased too rapidly to be explained by genetic changes alone?
Prentice and Jebb (1995).
What research method involves analyzing existing trends rather than collecting new participant data?
A review of observational data.
Challenging norms around prolonged screen time helps reduce which sociocultural risk factor for obesity?
Sedentary lifestyle
According to the World Health Organization, what BMI value classifies an individual as overweight?
A BMI over 25.
What type of lifestyle is encouraged by screen time, car commuting, and computer-based work?
A sedentary lifestyle.
Which study found a direct correlation between approximately 35 hours of sedentary time per week and obesity?
Martinez-Gonzalez et al. (1999).
What type of research design did Vandelanotte et al. use to study sedentary behavior and BMI?
A cross-sectional survey.
Improving access to affordable healthy foods helps address obesity linked to which factor?
Low socioeconomic status.
At what BMI value is an individual classified as obese?
A BMI over 30.
Which sociocultural factor is linked to diets high in refined grains and added sugars?
Low socioeconomic status or poverty.
Which study found that sedentary behavior increased BMI even when physical activity was controlled for?
Vandelanotte et al. (2009).
What sampling method did Martinez-Gonzalez et al. use to ensure representation across multiple European countries?
Stratified sampling.
Encouraging community involvement in health initiatives reflects which sociocultural strategy?
Community engagement or civic participation
What term is used to describe calories remaining after nutritional needs have been met?
Discretionary calories.
What type of calories provide energy but little to no nutritional value and are commonly found in added sugars?
Empty calories.
Which study investigated fast-food consumption among adolescent boys in India?
Joseph (2015).
From what source were participants’ height and weight from two years earlier obtained in Joseph’s study?
School records.
What behavior is promoted through urban design that encourages walking and cycling?
Active transport.
Approximately how many noncommunicable disease deaths in 2019 were linked to higher-than-optimal BMI?
About 5 million deaths.
What economic model do low-income consumers often use when deciding which foods to purchase?
The price-per-calorie model.
Which two studies relied heavily on self-reported lifestyle behaviors such as sitting time or diet?
Vandelanotte et al. (2009) and Joseph (2015).
What type of questionnaire was used in the Joseph (2015) study?
A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire.
Comparing Western diets with traditional food systems helps psychologists understand what influence on health?
Culture