Language and Culture/Competencies, History of English
What is the difference between a language and a dialect?
A language is a dialect with power.
Own answer
What is the difference between bilingualism and multilingualism?
Bi - two, multi - 3 or more
What's an example of non-verbal communication?
Eye-contact, facial expression, body movement, tone, style and register of voice, proxemics...
One or two components of the sociolinguistic competence
1. Formal or Informal
2. Body Language: proximity, eye contact, gestures
3. Speech Acts: apologizing, greeting, requesting
4. Rules of Speaking: turn-taking, speech length
5. Gender Language
6. Dialects
7. Cultural Issues
What is the difference between a social and a regional dialect?
A social dialect is influenced by the society the speakers are with and a regional dialect is geographic.
Are men or women more likely to apologize?
Women - ritual apologies
What does diglossia mean?
High and low varieties of language
How much of our communication is non-verbal?
70%-90%
Where did English come from?
Indo-European, Proto-germanic, influenced by German, Latin, French
What's the difference between a pidgin and a creole?
A pidgin has no native speakers (1st gen of speakers of two separate languages) and a creole has native speakers.
How many language of the 7000 current ones are expected to die by the next century?
Half
Changing from one language to another, often mixing two or more languages.
Maxim of quantity: be informative
Maxim of quality: be truthful
Maxim of relation: be relevant
Maxim of manner: be clear.
What era did Shakespeare write in?
A) Old English B) Middle English C) Early Modern English D) Late Modern English
Early Modern English
What are the categories of Krachu's Three Concentric circles?
Inner Circle, Outer Circle and Expanding
Hebrew
Are all of Canada's provinces officially bilingual?
No; only New Brunswick
Give an example of a hedge?
All I know; by the way; to make a long story short
The names of the 5 communicative competencies.
Linguistic, Functional, Sociolinguistic, Strategic, Discourse
How does standardization affect language attitudes?
It deems one language "correct"
Name three possible reasons a language might die.
Catastrophic natural disasters; Unfavourable economic conditions; Disease; Exploitation; Cultural assimilation: Pressure to speak dominant language; Negative attitudes towards minority language; Attempts to commit linguisticide – language suicide
What is a cognitive advantage of being bilingual?
Cognitive flexibility; Metalinguistic awareness; Communicative sensitivity;Field independence:
What is an example of a politeness pillow?
Could you; please; thanks