Show:
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
All of them
100
Systems of social inequality can be created and sustained by this.
What is the 'use of language'? What is language use?
100
This is the process by which a language has been codified; it involves the development of grammars, spelling books, and dictionaries.
What is standardization? What is the process of standardization?
100
It is the specific code used for business and politics in a society that speaks different languages.
What is lingua franca?
100
Each variety has its own specialized functions, and each is viewed differently by those who are aware of both in a diglossic situation.
What is High variety and Low variety?
100
When one society is dominant and imposes its language on another.
What is linguistic imperialism?
200
This is shaped and affected by different factors such as ethnicity, gender, religion, social class, education, and language.
What is identity?
200
This has to do with the views of the speakers on the "purity" of the language. This often brings about elements that could be considered lesser or improper which can skew the identity people find from within speech throughout their lives.
What is mixture?
200
This language variety does not have any native speakers.
What is a pidgin?
200
People are usually required to select a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and they may also decide to go from one code to another or to mix codes even within sometimes very short utterances and thereby create a new code. Gal suggests that it s a conversational strategy used to establish, cross or destroy group boundaries; to create, evoke or change interpersonal relations with their rights and obligations.
What is code-switching?
200
It's what a speaker has available to communicate.
What is linguistic repertoire?
300
This can be used to exercise and preserve power and privilege in a society.
What is language? What is language ideologies?
300
This occurs when the "standard" language takes over and local languages, although they are spoken extensively throughout the region, become disfavored socially and politically.
What is a dialect-patois?
300
These language varieties are distributed mainly throughout the equatorial bout because of easy water access for transportation for colonizers.
What are pidgins and creoles?
300
Ya me voy because it's late is this type of code-switching.
What is intrasentential code switching.
300
Examples are whiteness, masculinity, heterosexuality, middle-class, Christianity (according to Bucholtz and Hall)
What are "unmarked categories" in the U.S.?
400
It is the problem that sociolinguistic researchers encounter when they want to find out how people talk when they are not systematically observed, but data can only become available through systematic observation.
What is observer's paradox?
400
This are sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups (Wardhaugh, 48). They can allow someone to express their identity in a specific time and place.
What is register?
400
According to Chomsky: The first concept refers to a person's mental ability to process and know the language. The second concept refers to how proficient you are at using your language
What is competence and what is performance?
400
Three words: It is one way of explaining how individuals and groups may be seen to relate to each other. One individual can try to induce another to judge him or her more favorably by reducing differences between the two. An individual may need to sacrifice something to gain social approval of some kind, for example, shift in behavior to be more like the other. Alternatively, if one desires to be judged less favorably the shift in behavior is away from the other’s behavior
What is accommodation, convergence, and divergence?
400
One type of convergent behavior said to be motivated by how speakers often attempt to deal with listeners through this concept.
What is audience design?
500
True or False: A set of random observations made by a sociolinguist CANNOT lead to useful generalizations about behavior, either linguistic or social.
True - Observations should not be random.
500
Not only are they geographically based, but they may be used to detect differences in speech that are associated with certain social classes. Various factors, such as occupation, cultural background, place of residence, and education, can be used to determine social class.
What are social dialects?
500
In Haiti, there is Haitian Creole and Standard French. Standard French is the language of the law and business. Haitian Creole is used in the home and everyday situations. This phenomenon happens because each language has set instances and environments in which they will be used. Neither language oversteps its boundaries in situations in where they're not considered the norm.
What is diglossia?
500
It is a multiply- organized and contextually complex set of alternatives, regularly available to communicators in face-to-face talk. It can function to index and achieve solidar- ity with or dissociation from a conversational partner, reciprocally and dynamically (Giles & Coupland).
What is speech accommodation?
500
This one occurs when the languages used change according to the situations in which the conversants find themselves. When a change of topic requires a change in the language used we have this other one. (two answers)
What is situational code switching and metaphorical code switching?