7.1 Key Terms
A violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms
Deviance
A violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others
Primary Deviance
Crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force
Violent Crime
The system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses
Corrections System
What's a positive impact of deviance on society?
May invoke social change.
A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions
Crime
A small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources
Power Elite
Crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force
Non-violent crime
Deviance that occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
Secondary Deviance
What's a self report study? Advantage + Disadvantage
is a collection of data gathered using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews.
Advantage: allows people to more openly discuss their experiences and provides a more-detailed examination of crimes
Disadvantage : misses some groups of people. The quality of information may also be reduced by inaccurate victim recall of the crime
The means of enforcing rules
Sanctions
A theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals
Strain Theory
Crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces
Street crime
Sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions
Informal Sanctions
What is a functionalist view on deviance.
Concerned with the way the different elements of a society contribute to the whole. They view deviance as a key component of a functioning society
The regulation and enforcement of norms
Social Control
The ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society
Labelling Theory
Crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment
Corporate Crime
A theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance
Differential Association Theory
What is a conflict theorist view on deviance?
Looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance.
Don’t see these factors as positive functions of society. They see them as evidence of inequality in the system.
Look for answers to the correlation of gender and race with wealth and crime
An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives
Social Order
A theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society
Control Theory
Attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics
Hate Crime
A theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control
Social Disorganization Theory
What is a symbolic interactionalist view on society?
Explain how societies and/or social groups come to view behaviors as deviant or conventional.