Unit 1
Who created Conflict Theory?
Karl Marx
What is culture?
the entire way of life of a group of people
What are the three parts of Freud’s theory of Self?
Id, Superego, and Ego
What is deviance?
Deviance is a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group
What are the three main theories?
structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism
Is Landlords to tenants, Education vs the docile workforce, and wars over land and oil an example of Conflict Theory?
Yes
What is ethnocentrism
the principle of using one’s own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than one’s own are abnormal or inferior
What is achieved status?
a status earned through individual effort or imposed by others
What do structural functionalists think the function for deviance is?
Deviance can help a society clarify its moral boundaries and promote social cohesion
What does structural functionalism explain?
Society is seen as an integrated whole, where all parts are interconnected
What is sociology?
The objective study of human society and behavior
What is cultural relativism
the principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one’s own culture
What is socialization?
process of learning/internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group by which we become functioning members of society
Why is being deviant never a moral judgment in sociology?
a behavior is only “deviant” because it violates the values and norms of a particular group. The action isn't inherently wrong, and it's not certain that other groups would make the same judgment
What is postmodern theory?
symbols only exist in your mind because society and other stuff has been put there to create those symbols
What is Postmodernism?
Symbols only exist in your mind because society and other stuff has been there to create those symbols
What are the different types of cultures?
Dominant culture, subculture, counterculture
What is the difference between primary and secondary groups?
Primary is the groups composed of the people who are most important to our sense of self (family, friends and secondary groups are groups that are larger and less intimate than primary groups (larger anonymous group that serves a purpose
What is the difference between “Passing” and “Deviance Avowal?"
Passing is managing deviant identities, while deviance avowal is showing your deviant identity
What is differential association theory?
Interacting often with those who break the rules would seem to socialize an individual into their rule-breaking culture
What is Dramaturgy?
compares you and your social situations to a theatrical performance, ie you have multiple “roles” you play depending on your settings/situation
Why do cultural universals not exist through a cultural relativist view?
What is considered morally right or wrong can differ depending on the cultural context
What are the stages of self through childhood according to Mead’s imitation?
imitation, play, games, & generalized other
Why would a perfect society with no deviance never exist?
The smallest action outside the norm would be considered deviant, it is inevitable in society and even necessary
What is Howard Becker’s Labeling Theory?
deviance is not inherent in any act, belief, or condition; instead it's determined by the social context.