General
What is Sociology?
Study of social behaviour and human groups
What is socialization?
The process by which the individual learns the behavioural patterns, skills, and values of his/her social world
What is Systemic Racism?
Inequalities built into an organization/system
What is conformity/collective behaviour?
Process through which members modify their behaviour to comply with the group’s norms/decisions
What are the four sociological schools of thought?
Structural Functionalism, Feminist theory, symbolic interactionism, conflict theory
What do sociologists study?
Study individual behaviour within a group, behaviour of groups, society as a whole, attempt to understand the complex world around us, observe and conduct practical research into key social issues and behaviour in order to try and explain why society functions the way it does
When does socialization take place?
Throughout our entire lives
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
Black rights activist, credited with pioneering the subfield of race & ethnicity in sociology in North America
What is a fad?
an intense and widely shared enthusiasm for something, especially one that is short-lived and then is forgotten at about the same speed
What is feminist sociology?
Society has developed gender roles
What is micro vs macro sociology?
Macro: approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale
Micro:study of small groups and individuals within a society - Study of social interactions (roles, relationships)
Briefly explain what Resocialization and Anticipatory Socialization are.
Anticipatory: The process of learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations
Re:the process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour
Race: Refers to a person's physical characteristics, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye color
Ethnicity: Refers to cultural factors, including nationality, regional culture, ancestry, and language.
What is the Bystander Effect?
Social Phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present
What is conflict theory and who is the main theorist?
Society is made of power struggles - Karl Marx
What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution in Sociology?
Was the birth of sociology
1. Middle class got richer - Working class hit hard, 2. increased social inequality, 3. factories (machines) replaced people = people lost their jobs (Unemployment), 4. long hours, low wage, poor working conditions, 5. increase in child labour, 6. people moved to cities (urbanization) - cities became overcrowded, 7. living conditions worsen, crime increases
How many types of socialization are there and what are they?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Anticipatory
4. Resocialization
How many theories of discrimination are they and what are their names?
Studied conformity/group behaviour
Individuals were asked to decide which line was the same size as the original - all other group members intentionally said the incorrect answers to see if the individual would conform
What is structural functionalism?
Society is made of interlocking/interconnecting systems
Comte was the first to use the term Sociology, defined it as systematic study of society, created positivism (The application of scientific method to get quantifiable data in order to understand society)
Who is the primary agent of socialization and name three secondary agents.
Primary: Family (basic skills for survival)
Secondary: (social groups) School, Friends, Work, Media, clubs/teams, religion
Define each of the four theories of discrimination.
Learned Theory: learn from seeing behaviours of others (socialization)
Competition Theory: competition for power (Marxism
Frustration Aggression Theory: frustration developed because of lack financial success/social status - breeds resentment
Ignorance Theory: fear of unfamiliar cultural practices (view other customs as odd/negative)
Name the four types of crowds and define them.
Conventional: Gathered for a clear purpose who behave according to expectations
Casual: group of people in the same place at the same time but who do not have a common goal
Expressive: large number of people at an event who display emotion and excitement
Acting: group of people fuelled by a single purpose or goal
What is symbolic interactionism? Who are the two key theorists? What is the looking glass self?
Society is made of shared meanings. Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead. LGS: We see ourselves the way we think others see us