Chapter #1
The systematic, scientific study of social behavior in human groups
What is sociology
Things such as Cars, Clothing, and Buildings are examples of what kind of culture (Material or Nonmaterial)
What is Material Culture
True or False: Sanctions are always punishments for people exibiting negative behavior
False (Sanctions can also be rewards for postive behavior)
occurs when the fulfilling roles of one status make it difficult to fulfill the roles of another. (Role strain or Role conflict)
What is role conflict
True or False, Psychologist belive who you are, and your behavior is mostly determined by nurture, while socioligist belive it is mainly determined by nature
False
The founder of Sociology
Who is Aguste Comte
The word for norms that do not have great moral significance
What is a Folkway
Behavior that violates significant social norms
What is deviance
A group whose beliefs are seen by most as being “strange” or unorthodox, and often exhibits dangerous/extremism behavior
what are cults
Saying Girls like pink and Boys like blue is an example of what
What are gender stereotypes
The word for viewing the world through others’ eyes and looking beyond commonly held beliefs to hidden meanings
What is a Sociological Imagination
The word for norms that carry great moral significance
What is Mores
The word for the process of adopting external societal rules, values, or standards as one’s own personal beliefs
What is internalizing the norms
This status plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his/her social identity
what is Master Status
The Case Study surrounding Genie: The Wild Child demostates what
What are the effects of severe neglect on development
This man took Charles Darwins discovery of evolution and applied it to race, claiming some races are more evolved than others, otherwise known as social Darwism
Who is Herbert Spencer
Identify the three components of a cultural diagram
What are traits, complexes, and patterns
Your teacher smiling at you for pushing in your chair is an example of what
What is an informal positive sanction
word for the tendency for people to make more daring decisions when they are in groups rather than when they are alone.
What is risky shift
identify the four agents of socialization
What are family, peer group, school, and mass media
Identify and define at least 3 of the 6 sociological research methods
+100 points for every extra you can do
Historical Method – studying events, processes, & institutions of past civilizations to help us understand social behavior today
Content Analysis – analyzing social life by interpreting words/images from documents, film, art, music, & other cultural products & media
Survey Method – collecting data on attitudes & opinions by asking a series of questions orally or written
Observation – 6 forms (naturalistic, latitudinal, longitudinal, cross-sectional, laboratory, testing) that can be affected by the presence of the researcher
Case Study – very intense focus on a single subject or group
Statistical Analysis – analyzing social data (determines the strength of relationships that exist between variables) to extract trends/patterns in behavior
Identify and describeat least 3 of the 5 Components of Culture
+100 point for every extra you can do
Technology – application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Symbols – anything that stands for something else
Language – organization of written/spoken symbols into a standardized system
Values – shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong
Norms – shared rules of conduct that tell us how to act in different situations
Identify the 3 sociological approaches to explain deviance
+100 points for each one that you can describe
Conflict Theory - Competition and social inequality lead to deviance.
Functionalist Approach - Says deviance is a natural outgrowth of a society’s norms and values
Interactionist Perspective - Deviance is determine with ones interactions with people, the committee and the ties they have to it
Be able to identify/define 3 of the 5 Types of Social Interaction
+100 points for every extra
Exchange - people interact to receive a reward or return for their actions
Competition - two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only ONE can attain.
Conflict - attempt to control a person or group by force
Cooperation -people work together to achieve a common goal
Accommodation - Is a state of balance between cooperation and conflict
Identify/Describe each of Piaget’s 2 of the 4 Stages of Cognitive Development
+100 for every extra you can do
Sensorimotor Stage - Babies take the world in through their senses
Preoperational Stage -Able to develop language but were too young to perform mental operations involving concrete logic
Concrete Operational Stage - able to begin to understand conservation of mass & volume along with & mathematical transformations
Formal Operational Stage - Reasoning expands from the purely concrete (or experienced) to abstract thinking