Foundations of Sociology
This field studies human societies and social relationships.
What is sociology?
This perspective sees society as a system of interdependent parts that promote stability.
What is structural functionalism?
This term means the shared products of human groups: beliefs, values, objects, and behaviors.
What is culture?
The lifelong process of learning norms, values, and behaviors.
What is socialization?
The primary purpose of social control is to maintain this.
What is social order and conformity?
This person is credited with coining the term “sociology.”
Who is Auguste Comte?
This perspective focuses on power, inequality, and competition over resources.
What is conflict theory?
Tools, clothing, and phones are examples of this type of culture.
What is material culture?
Family, school, peers, and media are all examples of these.
What are agents of socialization?
Behavior that violates social norms is called this.
What is deviance?
Sociology focuses primarily on the ________ world.
What is the social world?
This perspective focuses on meanings people assign during everyday interactions.
What is symbolic interactionism?
Values, beliefs, and language are examples of this type of culture.
What is nonmaterial culture?
This agent teaches norms and values through a formal process.
What is the education system (school)?
Deviance is “relative” because it varies by ________, ________, and ________.
What are time, place, and culture?
A key goal of sociology is to critically analyze these three things: society, institutions, and ________.
What is power?
If you studied how school rules help keep order and stability, you’re using this perspective.
What is structural functionalism?
A position you are born with (like age or family background) is this type of status.
What is ascribed status?
Learning the expectations of a role before entering it is called this.
What is anticipatory socialization?
Crime can occur when goals are emphasized more than legitimate means — this theory explains it.
What is strain theory?
This is a key part of sociology’s scientific approach: collecting and analyzing information based on observation.
What is empirical data (or empirical research/data)?
If you studied how rules may benefit those in power more than others, you’re using this perspective.
What is conflict theory?
The expected behaviors connected to a status are called these.
What are roles?
In U.S. culture, adolescence is often seen as this: a prolonged stage of ________ and identity formation.
What is exploration?
Strong social bonds reduce the likelihood of crime — this theory explains it.
What is control theory?