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Sociological Theory
Sociological Perspectives
Scientific Method
Culture
Hey, Norm!
100
An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society. It is based on an ability to view society as an outsider might, rather than from the perspective of an insider.
What is Sociological Imagination?
100
Today, several theoretical perspectives guide sociological research. This perspective holds that society is structured in ways that maintain social stability, so that social change tends to be slow and evolutionary.
What is the functionalist perspective?
100
The scientific method includes five steps: defining the problem; reviewing the literature; formulating the hypothesis; a fourth step; and developing the conclusion. What is the fourth step?
What is selecting the research design and collecting and analyzing data?
100
This is the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior that defines the group or society to which we belong. People learn these elements of culture through the lifelong process of socialization.
What is culture?
100
Norms are the standards of behavior members of a society are expected to uphold. There are two types of norms.
What are formal and informal norms?
200
Sociologists employ theory to explain problems, actions, or behavior. Nineteenth-century thinkers who contributed to the development of sociological theory include this sociologist, who pioneered work on suicide.
Who is Émile Durkheim?
200
This perspective emphasizes the importance of conflict between competing social groups, so that social change tends to be swift and revolutionary.
What is conflict perspective?
200
The hypothesis states a possible relationship between two or more variables. What are the two usual types of variables?
What is independent variable and a dependent variable?
200
These general practices are found in every culture, including courtship, family, games, language, medicine, religion, and sexual restrictions. The manner in which these practices are expressed varies from one culture to the next.
What are cultural universals?
200
There are rewards and punishments meted out to those who comply with or violate social norms.
What are sanctions?
300
Sociologists employ theory to explain problems, actions, or behavior. Nineteenth-century thinkers who contributed to the development of sociological theory include this sociologist, a German thinker who taught the need for Verstehen, or “insight,” in intellectual work.
Who is Max Weber?
300
This perspective, stresses conflict based on gender inequality. It stresses gender as the key to understanding social interactions.
What is feminist perspective?
300
To avoid having to test everyone in a population, sociologists use a sample that is representative of the general population. Using a representative sample lends these two factors to the results of scientific research.
What is validity and reliability?
300
Most people use their own culture as the standard for evaluating other cultures. Some sociologists attempt to see other cultures as members of those cultures see them. These two perspectives are...
What is ethnocentrism and cultural relativism?
300
Every culture has a set of beliefs and practices that reinforce powerful social, economic, and political interests. Large cultures may include subcultures—groups of people who share norms and values that differ and may contradict those of the larger society .
What is dominant ideology?
400
Sociologists employ theory to explain problems, actions, or behavior. Nineteenth-century thinkers who contributed to the development of sociological theory include this sociologist, a German intellectual who emphasized the importance of class conflict.
Who is Karl Marx?
400
This perspective is concerned primarily with the everyday ways in which individuals shape their society and are shaped by it. These sociologists see social change as an ongoing and very personal process.
What is interactionist perspective?
400
Sociologists use four major research designs in their work.
What are surveys of the population; personal observation of behaviors and communities; experiments that test hypothetical cause-and-effect relationships; and analysis of existing sources.
400
In recent decades, international trade and the exchange of ideas have accelerated cultural change. Sociologists use refer to the resulting worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets with this term.
What is globalization?
400
Sociologists who take this approach to the study of socialization are interested in the social factors that influence people throughout their lives, from birth to death.
What is the life-course approach?
500
Sociologists employ theory to explain problems, actions, or behavior. Nineteenth-century thinkers who contributed to the development of sociological theory include this sociologist, who emphasized the importance of race.
Who is WEB DuBois?
500
There are four major sociological perspectives.
What are functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist perspectives?
500
The practical application of the discipline to problems in human behavior and organizations is a growing field that includes community research and clinical sociology.
What is Applied Sociology?
500
This important element of culture includes speech, writing, and symbols as well as gestures and other forms of nonverbal communication. This element both describes and shapes culture.
What is language?
500
These three sociologists asserted that we learn who we are by interacting with others.
Who are Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, and Erving Goffman?