Intro to Sociology
What is Sociology?
Sociology is the systematic, scientific study of social behavior in human groups.
What is Social Control?
The enforcing of norms through either internal or external means.
What are the Five Types of Social Interaction?
Exchange
Competition
Conflict
Cooperation
Accommodation
Nature vs. Nurture and their Roles in Socialization
Nature is inherited (genetics, heredity)
Nurture is external influences (parenting, interactions, education, culture, media)
What is Sociological Imagination?
The ability to see a connection between you and the larger world.
Positive vs. Negative Sanctions
Positive sanctions are used/intended to reward a particular kind of behaviour.
Negative sanctions are used/intended as punishment/threat of punishment to deter a particular kind of behaviour, or enforce conformity.
What is Weber’s Model of Bureaucracy?
Division of labor
Ranking of authority
Employment based on formal qualifications
Rules and regulations
Specific lines of promotion and advancement
What are the Four Agents of Socialization?
Family
Peers
School/Education
Mass Media
What are the Six Sociological Research Methods?
Historical Method
Content Analysis Method
Survey Method
Observation Method
Case Study Method
Statistical Analysis Method
Formal vs. Informal Sanctions
Formal sanctions are rewards or punishments given by a formal organization and are used/intended to maintain social stability.
Informal sanctions are a spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group.
What are Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
What is Deviance?
Deviance is any behavior that violates significant social norms.
Role Conflict vs. Role Strain
Role conflict occurs when the fulfilling roles of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the roles of another.
Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status.