Cognitive Development
in Infancy
in Infancy
Communication using two-word utterances, leaving out words that are not critical is called ___________ speech.
(prelanguage, telegraphic, baby talk)
What is telegraphic?
___________________ is the knowledge of oneself. At 12 months old, they recognize themselves in the mirror.
(self-concept, self-awareness, self-esteem)
In Piaget’s theory, the __________ stage is the initial major stage of cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages.
(preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational)
_________ memory is information you consciously work to memorize, like studying for this midterm.
(implicit, explicit, controlled, automatic)
What is explicit?
As babies get older, their _________________ become directed toward mothers and caregivers.
(social references, temperament, social smiles)
What are social smiles?
Children with ________ attachment pattern display a combination of positive & negative reactions to their mothers. They seek to be close but also hit her in anger.
(ambivalent, avoidant, secure)
What is ambivalent?
Ross said, "ma-ma-ma" and his mother smiled. This utterance is an example of ____________.
(babbling, cooing, holophrases)
What is babbling?
___________________ is the intentional search for information about others' feelings to help explain the meaning of events.
(social smile, social referencing, theory of mind)
What is social referencing?
Parents who encourage exploration and freedom within safe boundaries are building _______________ vs. ____________________.
a) autonomy, shame-and-doubt
b) trust, mistrust
What is autonomy, shame-and-doubt?
Before an infant has understood the idea of __________________, she will not search for an object that has been hidden right before her eyes.
(object permanence, goal-directed behavior, mental representation)
What is object permanence?
Although infants display similar kinds of emotions, the degree of emotional expressivity varies among different ______________.
(cultures, genders, socioeconomic statuses)
What are cultures?
____________________ babies are inactive, display calm reactions to their environment, and their moods are generally negative as they withdraw from new situations.
(slow-to-warm, difficult, easy)
What is slow-to-warm?
Sarah refers to buses, trucks, and tractors as "cars". This is an example of _______________.
(underextension, overextension, telegraphic speech)
What is overextension?
While sitting in a restaurant, an unfamiliar adult approached 7 month old Erika. She frowned and hid her face. This is an example of ________________.
(separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, social referencing)
What is stranger anxiety?
Child care can be beneficial to the social development of children, fostering social interaction and __________________, if it is high quality.
(self-awareness, goodness-of-fit, cooperation)
What is cooperation?