Family (Unit 4)
This perspective focuses on stability, roles, and socialization in the family, often ignoring inequality.
functionalism
This perspective argues that power is concentrated in the hands of a small elite who control institutions to protect their own interests.
conflict theory (elitism)
In this type of society, computers and information technology led to an economic shift from producing goods to providing services, with work relying on knowledge and technology.
post-industrial
This concept refers to education's role in teaching young people the shared values, norms, and skills they need to take on adult roles and maintain order in society.
social stability (or social continuity)
This anthropologist defined religion as belief in spiritual beings, while another coined this term for attributing spirituality to animate or inanimate objects.
animism and manimism
This family type includes parents, children, and other kin such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles sharing a household and resources.
extended family
In the onewheel scenario, these informal rules come first, but when accidents increase, they may need to become this — a formal, enforceable rule created by institutions.
law
As a social institution, this is responsible for organizing the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services to meet human needs.
economy
This perspective focuses on how classroom interactions, teacher expectations, and labels create meanings around learning, success, and student identity.
symbolic interactionism
Marx used this famous metaphor to argue that religion pacifies exploited people by promising rewards in the afterlife, dulling their drive to change unjust conditions in this life. "Religion is the _____ of the people"
religion is the opium of the people
In this type of society, marriage is more likely to be based on family duty and collective approval, while the other emphasizes individual happiness.
collectivist
According to this model, influence over the minimum wage comes from labor unions, business groups, voters, and political parties through lobbying, voting, and protests.
pluralist model
According to Weber, this Protestant branch emphasized predestination, leading believers to see hard work and financial success as possible signs of God's favor.
The Protestant Ethic (Calvinism)
This concept describes the values-driven approach to education emphasizing mutual understanding and ethical global cooperation, which scholars contrast with the market-driven forces of this other concept.
internationalism and globalization
These four functions of religion include promoting unity, enforcing behavioral norms, helping people cope with suffering, and teaching values to new generations. Choose one.
social cohesion, social control, emotional support, and socialization
One teenager is expected to care for a younger sibling and do chores, while the other is rarely asked — a pattern this theory would analyze in terms of power and inequality.
conflict theory
This term refers to the space outside the state and the market where people organize voluntarily through charities, NGOs, and community groups.
civil society
In this economic system, resources are privately owned, profit drives production, and the government's role is limited — a system Marx critiqued for creating class divisions and exploiting surplus value.
capitalism
This concept, central to conflict theory explanations of inequality, refers to the knowledge, skills, education, and advantages that middle and upper-class parents pass to their children, giving them an edge in schools.
cultural capital
In Marxist theory, religion is part of this broader concept — the cultural, legal, and political institutions that rise from and justify the economic base, serving to legitimize the power of the ruling class.
superstructure
This term describes adult children who return to live with their parents, often due to economic reasons or job instability.
boomerang kids
This political system concentrates power in a small elite who control institutions for their own benefit, but unlike totalitarianism, it may tolerate some limited social or economic freedoms.
authoritarianism
In this economic system, resources are collectively or publicly owned, the government plays a major role in planning and distribution, and the goal is to reduce inequality rather than maximize profit.
socialism
these three types of schools in the U.S. vary in their funding sources and governance — one is privately funded, one is publicly funded but independently operated, and one is funded by local property taxes with federal and state support.
private schools, charter schools, and public schools
According to symbolic interactionism, these two elements of religion gain sacred status only when people collectively define them as such, and they serve to reinforce group bonds, identities, and shared beliefs over time.
symbols and rituals