Deviance
Behavior that violates significant social norms.
What is deviance?
Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.
What are Sanctions?
Any act that is labeled as such by those in authority and is prohibited by law.
What is crime?
This perspective believes that deviance is a natural part of society.
What is the Functionalist Perspective?
Sanctions used to punish criminals
What are corrections?
A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society.
What is stigma?
Enforcing norms through either internal or external means.
What is Social Control?
MIsrepresentation, fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement, and political corruption
What is White-collar crime?
This sociological theory explains deviance as a behavior learned in much the same way that non-deviant behavior is learned-through interaction with others.
What is Cultural Transmission Theory?
The practice of assuming that nonwhite Americans are more likely to commit a crime than white Americans.
What is racial profiling?
Individuals who reject both the cultural goals and the socially acceptable means of attaining them.
What is retreatists?
The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual perosnality.
What is Internalization?
murder, robbery, etc.
What is violent crime?
This theory focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant.
What is Labeling Theory?
The power held by police officers to decide who is arrested.
What is Police Discretion?
The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable.
What is anoime?
Places that may give formal sanctions.
What is a school, business, or government?
Retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection
What is corrections?
He developed the strain theory.
Who is Robert Merton?
The most important components of the criminal justice system.
What are the police, courts, and corrections?
views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society.
What is strain theory?
Standing ovations, compliments, smiles, pats on the back, and gifts.
What are examples of informal sanctions?
_____involves illegal acts committed by lower class individuals and public spaces. _____ are committed by people of high school status in the course of their job
What is street crime and white-collar crime?
This situation arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable.
What is anomie?
This process allows courts to reduce their huge volume of cases while avoiding the risk of expensive and time-consuming jury trials that may may not produce a guilty verdict.
What is plea bargaining?