Introduction
Study of social behaviour and human groups
What is conformity?
Process through which members modify their behaviour to comply with the group’s norms/decisions
Name the four Sociological Schools of Thought.
Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, Feminist Sociology, Symbolic Interactionism
Who is W.E.B Du Bois?
Black rights activist, credited with pioneering the subfield of race & ethnicity in sociology in North America
Who is Auguste Comte?
First to use the term Sociology. Coined Positivism.
What is society?
a large group of people who live in the same area & who share a distinctive culture and institutions
What is the bystander effect?
Social Phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present
What is Feminist Sociology?
Society has developed gender roles. These roles are learned behaviours and directly impact how each gender is treated.
Define Race vs Ethnicity
Race: Refers to a person's physical characteristics, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye color
Ethnicity: Refers to cultural factors, including nationality, regional culture, ancestry, and language
What is Macro sociology? Give an example.
Approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale - Study of social structures and institutions.
What do sociologists study? List at least 3 things.
Study individual behaviour within a group, behaviour of groups, society as a whole, attempt to understand the complex world around us, observe and conduct practical research into key social issues and behaviour in order to try and explain why society functions the way it does
What is a fad vs a trend?
A trend is a long-lasting, broad change in behavior or a general development, while a fad is a short-lived, temporary surge in popularity.
What is conflict theory and who is the main theorist?
Society is made up of power struggles. Karl Marx
What is Racial Profiling and Systemic Racism?
Racial Profiling: The practice of selecting specific racial groups for greater levels of criminal justice surveillance
Systemic Racism: Inequalities built into an organization/system
What is Micro Sociology? Provide an example.
Study of small groups and individuals within a society - Study of social interactions (roles, relationships)
Who is Ibn Khaldun?
The forefather of sociology, 14th century historian who wrote about the political and social problems in a Muslim world
What was the Soloman Asch Experiment Studying? Describe an example of one.
Studied conformity/group behaviour
Lines or elevators
What is symbolic interactionism? What is the looking glass self and who created it?
Society is made of shared meanings.
Looking Glass Self: We create our sense of self on what we perceive others think of us - Charles Horton Cooley
There are 4 theories of Discrimination: What is learned theory and Competition theory?
Learned Theory: learn from seeing behaviours of others
Competition Theory: competition for power
What is socialization? How many types are there?
The process by which the individual learns the behavioural patterns, skills, and values of his/her social world. Four Types
What were some of the social problems that the Industrial Revolution brought about? List at least 5 things.
1. Middle class got richer - Working class hit hard, 2. increased social inequality, 3. factories (machines) replaced people = people lost their jobs (Unemployment), 4. long hours, low wage, poor working conditions, 5. increase in child labour, 6. people moved to cities (urbanization) - cities became overcrowded, 7. living conditions worsen, crime increases
Conventional: Gathered for a clear purpose who behave according to expectations
Casual: group of people in the same place at the same time but who do not have a common goal
Expressive: large number of people at an event who display emotion and excitement
Acting: group of people fuelled by a single purpose or goal
Name the 4 types of crowds and explain what they are.
Conventional: Gathered for a clear purpose who behave according to expectations
Casual: group of people in the same place at the same time but who do not have a common goal
Expressive: large number of people at an event who display emotion and excitement
Acting: group of people fuelled by a single purpose or goal
There are 4 theories of Discrimination: What is Frustration Aggression Theory and Ignorance Theory? Provide an example of each.
Frustration Aggression Theory: frustration developed because of lack financial success/social status - breeds resentment
Ignorance Theory: fear of unfamiliar cultural practices (view other customs as odd/negative)
Name the types of socialization and what they are.
Primary Socialization: The process of learning the basic skills needed to survive in society
Secondary Socialization: The process of learning how to behave appropriately in group situations
Anticipatory Socialization: The process of learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations
Resocialization: The process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour