Founding Fathers
This early sociologist is known as the “father of sociology”.
This perspective focuses on power struggles and inequality, often linked to Karl Marx.
What is conflict theory?
Norms that are formally written and enforced by officials, such as traffic regulations, are called this.
What are laws?
A researcher hands out questionnaires to learn about people’s political opinions. This is an example of this method.
What are surveys?
The birth of sociology was influenced by this period of rapid social and economic change, when people moved to cities for factory jobs.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
This thinker believed society is shaped by class conflict between the bourgeoisie (rich) and the proletariat (working class).
Who is Karl Marx?
This perspective sees society as a system of interrelated parts that each serve a purpose and work together to maintain stability.
What is functionalism?
Sociologists argue that THESE underlying cultural principles shape and influence which norms are created in a society.
What are values?
This method involves watching people in their natural setting without interfering.
What are observations?
This 1700s movement emphasized reason, science, and individual rights, shaping early sociological thought.
What is the Enlightenment?
This German sociologist analyzed bureaucracy and the role of rationalization in society.
Who is Max Weber?
This perspective examines small-scale interactions and the meanings people attach to symbols, gestures, and words.
What is symbolic interactionism?
Norms so strongly held that even thinking about violating them causes disgust, such as cannibalism or incest, are called this.
What are taboos?
This type of data uses numbers, statistics, and measurable data.
What is quantitative data?
Sociologists today often study how these global connections — from trade to social media — shape local cultures.
What is globalization?
This French sociologist emphasized the importance of studying “social facts” (norms, values, structures, etc) and how society is held together.
Who is Émile Durkheim?
A sociologist argues that social media increases inequality by benefiting people with more resources and influence. This argument best reflects which perspective?
What is conflict theory?
These are everyday customs, like saying “please” and “thank you,” that guide polite behavior but carry little moral weight.
What are folkways?
Looking at already published information, like census reports or past studies, is called using this.
What is existing data?
A modern trend in sociology is examining how THIS recent technological development influences relationships, identity, and communication.
What is digital technology or social media?
Comte argued that sociologists should apply scientific methods to study society, a belief known as THIS.
What is positivism?
Two friends give each other a thumbs up across the room, and both understand what the gesture means. This is an example of which perspective?
What is symbolic interactionism?
Norms that are taken more seriously and are closely tied to a society’s values, such as rules against cheating or stealing, are called this.
What are mores?
A sociologist sets up a controlled setting where variables can be manipulated to see cause-and-effect. This is called this.
What is an experiment?
Early sociologists were influenced by these two political revolutions, which challenged traditional authority and promoted ideas of equality and individual rights.
What are the French and American Revolutions?