What is social psychology?
The systematic study of the nature and causes of human behavior
What is social psychology?
A type of sampling technique where every individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is simple random sampling?
The lifelong process of learning the symbols, norms, values, beliefs, and institutions relevant to a particular culture or society
What is socialization?
The organized structure of cognitions or thoughts that we have about ourselves
What is self-schema/concept?
Widely shared rules and conventions that establishes the "ground rules" for interactions
What is a frame?
Cognitive theory and evolutionary theory are major perspectives in this branch of social psychology.
What is psychological social psychology?
The extent to which an instrument produces the same results each time it is employed to measure a particular construct under given conditions
What is measurement reliability?
The process by which initially external behavioral standards (e.g., standards held by parents) become internal and subsequently guide a person’s behavior
What is internalization?
The adjectives that we use to individuate ourselves and the meaning that we attach to those adjectives
What are personal identities?
A characteristic that is widely viewed as an insurmountable handicap that prevents competent or morally trustworthy behavior
What is a stigma?
A set of interrelated propositions that organizes and explains a set of phenomena
What is theory?
The extent to which instruments actually measure the theoretical concepts that we intend to measure
What is measurement validity?
Effects that are external changes that affect all age groups at the same time.
What are period effects?
The social groups or categories that we belong to and the meaning that we attach to our membership in these social groups or categories
What are social identities?
The selective use of self-presentation tactics by a person to manipulate or control the impressions that others form of them
What is tactical impression management?
Symbolic interactionism, group processes, and social structure and personality are major perspectives in this branch of social psychology
What is sociological social psychology?
A variable that is not explicitly included in a research hypothesis but has a causal impact on the dependent variable
What is an extraneous variable?
The sequence of roles, each with its own set of activities, that a person enacts during their lifetime
What are life course careers?
Attitudes and expectations held by members of organized groups that people interact with
What is the generalized other?
A conception of who one is in relation to the other people involved in a situation
What is a situated identity?
A perspective that argues that human nature and social order are products of symbolic communication among people
What is symbolic interactionism?
The extent to which findings of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, or time periods
What is external validity?
A socialization process wherein a person learns what response to make in a situation in order to obtain a positive reinforcement (i.e., reward) or avoid a negative reinforcement (i.e., punishment)
What is instrumental/operant conditioning?
The social object, passive part of the self that is shaped by society's expectations and collation of what others think of us
What is the "Me" in the self-concept?
The gap or mismatch between a person’s actual self (who they are) and their ideal self (who they wish to be) or normative self (who they ought to be) that leads to negative emotions
What is self-discrepancy?