Layers of Soil
What is the topmost layer of soil, rich in organic matter?
O Horizon (Organic Layer)
What is the process of soil quality declining over time called?
Soil degradation
What human activity removes tree cover and exposes soil to erosion?
Deforestation
What type of erosion is common in dry regions with strong winds?
Wind erosion
What farming technique integrates trees and crops to improve soil health?
Agroforestry
Which soil layer contains humus and is crucial for plant growth?
A Horizon (Topsoil)
Name one type of soil degradation caused by the loss of topsoil.
Physical degradation (erosion, compaction)
What type of agriculture weakens soil by reducing biodiversity?
Monoculture agriculture
What type of erosion occurs when surface water washes away soil?
Water erosion
What is a soil restoration technique that prevents water runoff on slopes?
Terracing
Which soil layer contains minerals like iron, clay, and aluminum?
B Horizon (Subsoil)
What type of soil degradation occurs due to salinization or nutrient depletion?
Chemical degradation
Which natural process removes soil through wind and water?
Erosion
What kind of erosion forms deep trenches in the land?
Ravine erosion
What is a barrier of trees used to reduce wind erosion?
Windbreak
What is the lowest layer of soil, consisting of solid rock?
R Horizon (Bedrock)
What type of soil degradation results from decreased microbial activity?
Biological degradation
What happens when too much irrigation causes salt buildup in the soil?
Soil salinization
What happens when volcanic ash makes soil too acidic or dense?
It affects soil fertility and landscape stability
What irrigation method conserves water and reduces salinity?
Drip irrigation
Which layer is made of weathered rock fragments and provides minerals for upper layers?
C Horizon (Parent Material)
What is one factor that increases soil salinity?
Evaporation exceeding precipitation
How does excessive use of chemical fertilizers affect soil?
It disturbs the microbial balance and causes nutrient imbalance
What is one way vegetation helps prevent soil erosion?
Plant roots hold soil in place
What natural material can be used as mulch to retain soil moisture?
Organic mulch