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WHAT IS SOIL?
SOIL HORIZONS
SOIL CONSERVATION
MORE SOIL CONSERVATION!
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100

Loose mixture of small mineral fragments, organic material, water & air.

What is soil?

100

A series of layers of soil.

What is a soil horizon?

100
Method to main fertility of s oil from erosion & nutrient loss.
What is soil conservation?
100
Leave old stalks, provides cover from rain. Reduces water runoff & slows soil erosion.
What is no-till farming?
100

The removal of minerals that can be dissolved from rock or layers of soil due to the passing of water.

Mineral Leaching

200

Rock formation that is the source of mineral fragments in the soil.

What is parent rock/bedrock

200

Top layer of soil; contains more humus than layers below. Necessary for farming.

What is topsoil/horizon A

200
1. Provides minerals & nutrients for plants. 2. Plants provide nutrients & energy for animals. 3. Place for animals to live (habitat) 4. Stores water.
Why is soil conservation important?
200

The person who had a huge impact teaching farmers about soil conservation and the importance of crop rotation.

George Washington Carver

200

When rock is broken down into small fragments it is called....

Sediment

300

Layer of solid rock beneath soil.

What is bedrock?

300

This horizon is hard for plant roots to grow and live

What is Subsoil/Horizon B


300

Restores nutrients by planting crops such as soybeans or peanuts between harvests.

Cover crop rotation

300
Farmers plant different crops each season using less nutrients or different nutrients from the soil.
What is crop rotation?
300

The historic event that occurred in the 1930's due to not practicing soil conservation.

The dust bowl.

400

Type of soil found in horizon B.

Clay

400

This horizon is made of partially weathered bedrock.

What is Parent Material/Horizon C

400
Farmers plow across the slop of hills. Rows act as a series of damns.
What is contour plowing?
400
George Washington Carver
Who introduced cover crops?
400
This horizon is made of bedrock that has little or no weathering.
What is Horizon R?
500

The ground level layer made up of twigs, leaves, dead animals and plants.

O-Horizon/Humus

500

Soil in forests floors often has this horizon, made up of litter from dead plants & animals.

What is Horizon O?

500
Changes a steep hill into a series of smaller, flatter fields.
What is terracing?
500

This is what plants and soil mainly need to live off.

Nutrients

500
Organic material formed in soil from decayed remains of plants and animals.
What is humus?