Soil
Variables of Climate
What is temperature and precipitation?
4 Most Abundant Minerals (IN ORDER!! and Valence if your a baddie)
What is Oxygen -2, Silica +4, Aluminum +3, and Iron +3 +2
Metamorphic Rocks are Modified by...
What is heat, pressure, and fluid circulation?
O Horizon and A Horizon
What is organic matter and the top most mineral horizon where plowing occurs?
3 Processes of the Rock Cycle
What is metamorphism, melting and crystallization, and weathering of lithification?
Micro vs. Macronutrients
4 plant essential nurtrients (macronutrients)
Binding Agents
What are silicic acids, oxides of Fe and Al, and salts?
5 types of Silicate Structures
What is independent tetrahedra, single chain structure, double chain structure, sheet silicate structure, and framework?
Soil Forming Processes
What is Additions, Losses, Transformation, and Translocations
Soil Forming Factors (5)
Topography Components
What is position on landscape, slope/steepness, and aspect of slope (orientation)?
Sedimentary Rocks are formed by...
What is Lithification, Densification (compaction and consolidation, and Cementation?
C Horizon
What is unconsolidated materials that are less affected by surface processes?
Basic Building Block of Silicates
What is the Silica tetrahedron? (SiO4)
8 Soil Functions
What is plant support, habitat for microorganisms, regulator of water supply, climate control, carbon sequestration, engineering medium, flood risk mitigation, and antibiotics research?
3 types of Reactions
What is ionic bonding with metal cations, silica tetrahedron interacting with other tetrahedron through covalent bonding (sharing oxygen), and isomorphic substitution?
Igneous rocks are derived from 2 types of molten rock...
What is magma and lava?
Non-Silicate Examples
What is Oxides (Hematite), Sulfides (Pyrite), Sulfates(Gypsum), Carbonates (Calcite)?
Mafic vs. Felsic Igneous Rocks
Mafic: Rich in heavy metals (Fe and Mg), darker color, low silica Felsic: Feldspar and quartz, lighter color, high in silica
Modes of Transport
Wind (Aeolian, Eolian), Water(Alluvium, Lacustrine), Gravity (Colluvium), Un-transported (Residuum)
k, p, r, t
k - B horizon, development of carbonates
p - A horizon, plowing
r - C horizon, residuum
t - B horizon, accumulation of silicate clay
Intrusive vs. Extrusive (Igneous)
What is Intrusive is magma derived with coarse texture, large crystals and slow cooling while Extrusive is lava derived with fine texture, very small crystals and fast cooling?
B Horizon and E Horizon
What is zone of Illuviation(accumulation of silicate clays) and Zone of Eluviation(depleted of oxides, clays -- leaching)?
5 Defining Characteristics of Minerals
What is naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline, solid, and definite chemical composition?