Basic Biochemistry
The ability of water that gives water its unique properties, like high heat capacity.
What are hydrogen bonds?
The central dogma or flow of information.
The kingdom containing unicellular, autotrophic organisms with a cell wall made of cellulose.
What is kingdom Protista (plant-like)?
A structure that bacteria have that viruses do not that makes bacteria considered 'living' and viruses 'non living'.
What is the cell membrane?
Transfers genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
The loss of structure and function of an enzyme after exposure to extreme temperatures or pH.
What is denaturation?
A molecule that captures energy from sunlight and splits water into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas.
What is chlorophyll?
A process that allows for cellular organization in multicellular organisms that unicellular organisms lack.
What is cell specialization?
An active form of viral replication.
What is the lytic cycle?
Three letters in mRNA that indicate which amino acid comes next in the polypeptide, often redundant.
What is a codon?
A polysaccharide that stores energy and provides structure in plant cell walls.
What is cellulose?
Glucose and oxygen are produced by __________ and broken down by _______________ to store energy as ATP to drive cellular processes.
What is photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Neurons (brain cells) specialize in communicating with other cells through the use of neutrotransmitters (often proteins) that are sent out of the cell. Many of these are proteins that the neuron must produce. Predict the (3) most prominent organelles within a neuron.
What are ribsomes (RER), Golgi and vesicles.
Bacteria reproduce through a special kind of cell division called ___________. They can also pass genetic material to each other through a process called ________________.
What are binary fission and conjugation?
This organelle exists in every cell and is made of two rRNA subunits.
What is a ribosome.
Made of fatty acids and glycerol and forms a bilayer in an aqueous environment.
What is a phospholipid?
The process by which yeast, bacteria and even our own cells (for a short period) can produce small amounts of ATP when oxygen is not available.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Cells must transport nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell. Oxygen gas is small and nonpolar and moves by _________ diffusion into the cell, other molecules in low concentration require __________ to move by active transport into the cell.
What are simple and energy?
A biogeochemical cycle that relies on bacteria to convert atmospheric forms into forms that other organisms can use.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
A process that is turned off or on when a specific protein is needed.
What is transcription?
The most complex monomer containing C,H,O,N and P. Often serves as a coding molecule.
What is a nucleotide?
What is a point or substitution mutation?
Protists have a specialized organelle called the central vacuole to pump water out of the cell, which moves into the cell by ____________ in hypotonic conditions. All organisms must maintain ___________ in order to survive.
What is osmosis, homeostasis?
Modern medicine relies on the basic understanding that all living things are made of __________ and that specific pathogens cause a specific __________.
What are cells and disease?
What is a retrovirus?