States of Matter
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
The kinetic theory states that all matter is made of tiny particles that are in constant motion
What causes changes in the state of matter?
Adding or removing thermal energy causes changes in the state of matter.
What happens to the particles in a substance when it is heated?
The particles move faster and farther apart, resulting in expansion.
On a warm day, why does water vapor condense on the outside of a drinking glass?
Water vapor in the air loses heat energy when it comes into contact with the cold glass, causing it to condense into a liquid
What is another term used to describe the states of matter?
Phases
How does heating or cooling affect the movement of particles in matter?
Particles vibrate or move around more if the matter is heated and less if it is cooled
List three examples of phase changes.
Many different answers
What happens to the particles in a substance when it is cooled?
The particles slow down and the attraction between the particles pulls them closer together, causing them to contract.
If you put dry ice on a table, what happens to it?
sublimation/ solid to gas
How does the arrangement of particles differ between solids, liquids, and gases
Solid particles are tightly packed and vibrate in a fixed position. Liquid particles are tightly packed, but far enough apart to slide over each other. Gas particles are very far apart and move freely except when they collide.
What happens to the particles in a solid when it melts?
Heat goes into the solid as it melts, the particles move faster and the bonds between them break into a liquid
What is the term for the phase change from a liquid to a gas?
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
In the context of the unit,
What does the word "contract" mean?
when particles in a solid, liquid or gas move slower and closer together
Draw and explain the arrangement of particles in solid
definite shape and volume + drawing
What determines the state that matter takes
How tightly the particles are packed together determines the state of matter
What happens to the particles in a liquid when it vaporizes?
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes, the molecules move faster until they break apart into a gas
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change? (think of the diagram)
The temperature does not change during a phase change.
Explain why a balloon expands when it is heated.
When a gas is heated, the particles move faster and hit the inside of the balloon more frequently and with more force, resulting in higher pressure inside the balloon than outside. This causes the balloon to expand
Draw and explain the arrangement of particles in liquid
definite volume and no definite shape + drawing
a sample of Matter has a definite volume, but no definite shape. What phase is it in?
liquid
What happens to the particles in a gas when it condenses?
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses, particles slow down, and go from gas to liquid
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is when a solid changes directly into a gas
Explain why a balloon contracts when it is cooled.
When a gas is cooled, the particles slow down and hit the inside of the balloon less frequently and with less force. This results in lower pressure inside the balloon than outside and causes the balloon to contract.
Draw and explain the arrangement of particles in a gas
no shape, no definite volume + drawing