Kinetic Theory
Which state of matter has the following characteristics:
- particles packed closely together
- low kinetic energy
- definite volume
- definite shape
Solids
If temperature goes up what happens to pressure?
increases
the ability of a fluid—a liquid or gas—to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.
buoyant force
the resistance of a fluid to flowing
viscosity
the process of going directly from a gas to a solid
deposition
Which state of matter has the following characteristics:
- moves quickly and randomly
- constant collisions
- no definitive volume
- no definitive shape
Gas
Which gas law is P1/T1=P2/T2
Gay-Lussac's law
the principle that found that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
archimedes principle
p=f/a
The process of going directly from a solid to a gas
sublimation
Which state of matter has the following characteristics:
- particles constantly moving, but not very quickly
- "medium" amount of kinetic energy
- definitive volume
- no definitive shape
Liquid
Which gas law is P1V1=P2V2
Boyle's law
Fb = pVg
When adding heat (thermal energy) to a liquid, what does it do to the liquid's viscosity?
decreases viscosity (flows faster)
the amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become gas.
heat of vaporization
Temperature is a measure of the average __________________________ of particles. Molecules at 0°C have less KE than molecules at 100°C
Kinetic energy
Which gas law is V1/T1=V2/T2
Charles' law
A small sailboat displaces 5 cubic meters of seawater with a density of 10 kilograms per cubic meter. Determine the buoyant force on the sailboat.
Step 1: Identify the density of the fluid.
ρ=10 kg/m3
Step 2: Determine the volume of fluid being displaced by the object.
V=5 m3
Step 3: Plug the answers from steps 1 and 2 into the equation
Fb=ρVg
Fb=(10)(5)(9.8)
Fb=490 N
The buoyant force on the object is 490 N.
the principle that found that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid. This is why when you squeeze one end of a toothpaste tube it emerges from the other end.
pascal's principle
the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point
heat of fusion
Name two of the four components of kinetic theory
1. All matter is composed of tiny particles
2. These particles are in constant, random motion
3. The particles collide with each other and with
the walls of any container they’re held in
4. The amount of energy that the particles lose
from these collisions is negligible
What is the ideal gas law equation?
PV=nRT
A cube with side lengths of 2 meters is floating halfway submerged in a fluid with a density of 5 kilograms per cubic meter. Determine the buoyant force on the object.
Step 1: Identify the density of the fluid.
ρ=5 kg/m3
Step 2: Determine the volume of fluid being displaced by the object.
V= l x w x h = (2)(2)(1)
V=4 m3
Step 3: Plug the answers from steps 1 and 2 into the equation
Fb=ρVg
Fb=(5)(4)(9.8)
Fb=196 N
the principle that explains how as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases
Bernoulli's principle
energy contained within a system from moving particles
Thermal Energy