Solutions
Solutions consist of solutes and solvents. In salt water, which is which?
Water = Solvent
Salt = Solute
How is a suspension different from a solution?
Suspensions are made of substances that do not dissolve in the substance they are mixed into. In solutions, the solute will actually be dissolved
What is a precipitate?
Example: Salt crystals reforming when water evaporates
What does concentration measure?
How much of a solute is present in a solution
What is salinity?
The measure of the amount of salts dissolved in water
If a solution is saturated, what happens when you add more solutes?
The solutes will no longer be dissolved, as there is not enough solvent present to dissolve more solute
What does it mean for something to be immiscible?
This refers to liquids that cannot mix together, such as oil and water
What is Henry's law?
Increasing pressure increases the solubility of gas in liquid.
Think of our soda cans, which keeps the soda under pressure to keep the carbon dioxide dissolved in it. When we open the can, the carbon dioxide will start to escape as bubbles
If someone said your lemonade was diluted, what would that mean?
True/False: Some parts of the ocean have higher salinity than others
True
How does temperature impact solubility?
(Hint: Hot tea vs cold tea)
Higher temperature = greater solubility
If water is hot it can dissolve solutes more quickly
Emulsifiers help stabilize suspended particles. These can help make suspensions out of two immiscible liquids.
Why does a higher temperature increase the solubility of a solid in a liquid?
Higher temperature means that particles are moving faster, so they are able to come in contact with each other more easily
How does the concentration of a solution affect its boiling point?
In water treatment, what does sedimentation do?
What is a factor, aside from temperature, that affects the solubility of a substance?
Surface area - more surface area = faster dissolving
What is a colloid?
A suspension with very very tiny particles throughout the liquid. Example: Homogenized milk
Why might precipitation take place in a saturated liquid?
If the temperature of the liquid becomes colder, or if the pressure changes.
It decreases the freezing point, so that the solution must become much colder in order to freeze
How does temperature affect the density of the ocean?
Colder temperatures = denser water
Are solutions homogenous or heterogenous?
They are homogenous! The whole mixture is uniform
What would happen to mayonnaise, a suspension, if you did not include an egg?
The egg in mayonnaise acts as an emulsifier, without it the mayonnaise would not mix
How does pressure affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid?
Increased pressure decreases the solubility of a solid in a liquid
What is one way we use our knowledge of concentrations and freezing points to help us with road safety?
Rock salt - salt is used on roads in the winter to help melt ice
Why does soap easily dissolve both water and oil?
Like-dissolves-like, and soap has both a water-like end and an oil-like end