Solutions!

Acids, Bases, and Electrolytes

100

CO₂

Nonelectrolyte

200

NH₄NO₃

Strong electrolyte

300

Mg(OH)₂

Weak base, weak electrolyte

400

CH₃COOH

Weak acid, weak electrolyte

500

CH₃NH₂

Weak base, weak electrolyte

VP

100

What is the vapor pressure deviation if the solute and solvent have similar intermolecular forces?

Negative

200

Who was the Vice President under the Nixon administration (second term)? 

Gerald Ford

300

Methanol (C₃H₇OH) is dissolved in water. Describe the Raoult's law deviation. 

The deviation will be lower than expected because of the -OH group. 

400

15 g of hexane (C₆H₁₄) is dissolved in 100 grams of decane (C₁₀H₂₂) at 90 ^oC. The vapor pressure of pure decane at 90 ^oC is 36.4 torr. What is the vapor pressure of solution? 

29.17 torr

500

500 ml of 0.59 M HCl solution is diluted in 500 grams of water at 0^oC. What is the vapor pressure of the solution in atmospheres? The vapor pressure of water at 0 ^oC is 4.6 torr. 

6.0 * 10^-3 atm

Colligative Properties

100

If 67.0 g of ethane (C₂H₆) is dissolved in 1000 g of water, what is the freezing point of water? (Kf = 1.86)

-4.15 ^oC

200

If 67.0 g of ethane is dissolved in water, what is the boiling point of the water? Kb = 0.512

101 ^oC

300

If a solution of decane (C10H22) and water is mixed, how would vapor pressure change? What would be the enthalpy change of the solution? 

It would have a positive deviation. The enthalpy change would be positive, or endothermic. 

400

Name the trend for every colligative property with an increase in solute.

Boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure reduction, osmotic pressure increase.

500

If 1 mole of barium hydroxide solution is dissolved in 2 liters of water at 0 ^oC, what is the osmotic pressure of the solution?

33.6 atm

Concentration

100

60.0 g of acetone (C₃H₆O) are dissolved in a liter of water. What is the molarity of the solution?

1.03 M

200

If 25 grams of sodium chloride is dissolved in one kilogram of water, what is the mole fraction of the solute? 

0.0076 

300

In order to make 5 M acetic acid solution, how much water should be used to dilute a 12 M acetic acid solution? 

0.58 L

400

In order to make 5 M acetic acid solution, how much water should be used to dilute a 12 M acetic acid solution?

0.58 L

500

You are looking to make a 5 M solution of sulfuric acid in a lab. What is the mass percent sulfuric acid?

0.33 % H₂SO₄

Conceptual

100

If blood is submerged in highly concentrated salt water, what happens to the blood? What is the solution called in relation to the blood?

The solution is hypertonic to the blood, and it causes the blood cells to shrink.

200

If two liquids mix and the beaker gets colder, what will be the Raoult's law deviation? 

It will be higher than expected. 

300

What do colligative properties depend on?

The amount of solute, but not the identity.

400

Diethyl ether boils at 34.6 ^oC. Is this a volatile solute? Why? 

Yes, since it vaporizes readily at low temperatures. 

500

Why does increasing solute lower freezing point? 

The solute particles get in the way of the correct orientation for freezing.