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Vocabulary
Concentrations
Types and Formations
Properties
Calculations
100
The substance that is dissolved.
What is a solute?
100
The amount of solute per unit of solvent.
What is concentration?
100
(A) The air we breathe. (B) Jewelry.
What is a gas solution? What is a solid solution?
100
Property that "depends on the collective" effect of the solute particle and not their chemical identity.
What is a colligative property?
100
A 0.750 L aqueous solution contains 90.0 g of ethanol. Calculate the molarity of the solution.
2.60 M
200
The substance that does the dissolving.
What is solvent?
200
Quantitative concentration shown as moles of solute over liters of solution.
What is molarity?
200
Solubility depends on the nature of the substance and solvent. Octane does not dissolve in water.
What is polarity? or What is a polar and nonpolar substances?
200
When a nonvolatile solute is added to a pure solvent, it prevents solvent molecules from leaving the liquid.
What is vapor pressure reduction?
200
Calculate the amount of sodium chloride needed to dissolved in 152 mL of a solution if the concentration of the solution is 0.364 M.
3.24 g
300
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What is a solution?
300
Quantitative concentration where moles of component is over the total moles of solution.
What is mole fraction?
300
Temperature, stirring, and surface area.
What are the three factors that affect the rate of dissolving?
300
Antifreeze is added to water to raise the temperature at which it boils.
What is boiling point elevation?
300
Calculate the mole fractions of 7.45 g of propanol in 750 g of water.
X propanol = 0.065 X water = 0.935
400
The extent to which a solute will dissolve under certain conditions.
What is solubility?
400
Quantitative concentration where moles of solute over kilograms of solvent.
What is molality?
400
As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the solute gas becomes greater. The gas particles escape from the solvent.
How does temperature affect the solubility of gases?
400
Salt is thrown over ice and snow to keep roads clear.
What is freezing point depression?
400
The percent composition of aluminum oxide, Al2O3, dissolved in 750 mL of solution is 8%. Determine the mass of aluminum oxide needed to make this solution.
60 grams
500
The process by which solvent, water, particles pull solute particles into solution and surround them.
What is hydration?
500
(a) A ratio of parts of solute to one million parts of solution, and is usually applied to very dilute solutions. (b) The ratio parts of solute to one hundred parts of solution and is expressed as a percent.
What is parts per million and percent solution?
500
Hot water in streams and rivers depletes waters of vital oxygen.
Why do aquatic animals and plant life die when water temperature rises?
500
A solution with a higher boiling point has a higher ________. A solution with a lower freezing point has a lower _______.
What is molality?
500
Ascorbic acid, Vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin. A solution containing 80.5 grams of ascorbic acid, C6H8O6, dissolved in 210 grams of water has a density of 1.22 g/mL at 55°C. Calculate (a) the mole fraction; (b) the molality; (c) the molarity of ascorbic acid in this solution.
(a) Xsolute = 0.038, Xsolvent = 0.962 (b) 2.18 m (c) 2.66 M