Amendments I
How many many amendments are in the Bill of Rights?
10
This amendment states that powers not given to the federal government, and are reserved for the states or the people, this is the _______.
10th Amendment
What word means ensuring the government acts fairly and follows established legal rules before depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property?
Due Process
Why wasn't the U.S. Constitution ratified when it was first presented to Congress and what political group opposed ratifying the Constitution because of this.
Did not contain a Bill of Rights
Anti-federalists
In Marbury v Madison, what was the decision of the Supreme Court?
What new power did the Supreme Court give itself?
Marbury should get his commission and this started the process of judicial review where the Supreme Court has the right to declare a law unconstitutional
1. To make a proposal to the Constitution it takes ____
2. To have the states ratify it, it takes ____
1. Two Thirds Votes (2/3)
2. 3/4 of the states
What is the first amendment of the constitution?
What word can help you to remember them?
Freedoms of: Religion, Assembly, Petition/Press, Petition/Press, Speech
R.A.P.P.S.
This Amendment is part of the Voting rights amendment, and allows all women who are citizens the right to vote.
19th Amendment
Define what the word suffrage means.
The right to vote
What are the titles given to members of the executive branch at the federal, state and local levels
Federal-president
State- Governor
Local- Mayor
Which Constitutional principle was most clearly violated by the ruling in the case of Dred Scott v Sanford?
Equal Protection under the law.
Which Landmark Supreme Court Case said that it was unconstitutional to take a child's liberty away without due process?
Which Amendment was violated
In re Gault
14th Amendment
This amendment protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizures and what does the police need in order to search one's home or property.
4th Amendment
Needs a warrant
This amendment states that all U.S. citizens have the right to vote without having to pay to vote.
24th Amendment
Name the highest court system in the land and name the highest law of the land.
Supreme Court
The Constitution
The President appoints a federal judge, but the Senate refuses to confirm the nominee. What does this illustrate?
Checks and balances
In the Supreme Court case of Brown v Board of education, what was the court's ruling?
What was this case a reversal of from the past?
Separate but equal philosophy did not belong in public education.
The case that was a total reversal was Plessy v Ferguson.
Define the words that are important to the law and some amendments
1. Habeas Corpus
2. Ex Post Facto
3. Eminent Domain
1. Forces a judge to literally have a detainee physically present to weigh the legality of their confinement.
2. A law that punishes someone for an act that was legal when they committed it.
3. legal power of the government to take private property for public use, such as building roads, schools, or parks and paying for the land at a fair price
If you are accused of stealing several small bags of Takis, and you are read your rights. You have to wait put in jail and have to stay there for 5 years before you have a trial and you are not allowed any visitors or have outside time, what amendments were broken?
The 6th Amendment right to a fair and speedy trial and the 8th Amendment cruel or unusual punishment
This amendment was passed because people thought if young men were being sent Vietnam to fight at the age of 18, then why did they have to wait until they were 21 to vote.
26th Amendment
This word means be forced to pay to vote in an election.
What Amendment made it illegal to use this word.
Poll Tax
24th Amendment
A law is passed by a state legislature that conflicts with a federal law. Which principle determines that the federal law takes priority?
Supremacy Clause
Describe the court case of Miranda v Arizona and explain the importance of this landmark Supreme Court Case.
Miranda was arrested without being read his rights and was denied the right to an attorney.
Led to the Miranda rights that must be read to a person who is being arrested.
In the court case In re Gault, what question did the Supreme Court have to answer and what was the vedict of this case
Do kids have the same due process rights as adults do?
Ruled that kids have the same due process rights that an adult has.
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments sometimes referred to as?
What does each one do?
Civil War or Reconstruction Amendments
13th- abolishes slavery
14th- makes African Americans citizens
15th- all free men in the U.S. are free to vote
The 5th Amendment protects a person from self-incrimination and double jeopardy. What is the meaning of self-incrimination and double-jeopardy?
Self-incrimination means the act of saying or doing something that suggests that a person is guilty of a crime.
Double jeopardy means you cannot be tried twice for a crime that was committed
Define the word amendment and how does amendments get changed or added.
Amendment means the act of changing or fixing something.
Congress can make a proposal to change the Constitution and it takes 2/3 of Congress to agree.
3/4 of the state legislatures have to agree (38 states have to agree)
Police search a student’s belongings at school without a warrant. Which evaluation best reflects Supreme Court reasoning?
Schools may conduct reasonable searches with suspicion
President Richard Nixon.
U.S. v Richard Nixon
A principal removes two pages from a school-sponsored newspaper because the articles discuss controversial topics and the principal believes the topics are not appropriate for younger students.
Name the court case that is similar to.
How did the Supreme Court rule
Hazelwood School District v Kuhlmeier
That schools can censor the freedom of speech if it can cause harm or does not align with the values and mission of the school
What is the 5th Amendment?
What are 4 things covered under the 5th Amendment is also included in this amendment?
The Right to remain quiet.
Due process.An unbiased judge and jury.
(2) An opportunity to have a lawyer with you.
(3) Notice of the charges being filed against you and why.
(4) An opportunity to explain why the charges against you should not be filed.
(5) The right to present evidence, and the right to know what evidence the opposing party has against you.
(6) The right to call witnesses, and the right to cross-examine, or question, the witnesses that the other party might call against you.
(7) A decision in your case that is based only on the evidence that has been presented during the case.
(8) A decision in your case that is written down and explained, and includes clear exp
This amendment states that there are more rights granted to the people than what is stated in the Constitution.
9th Amendment
Define Judicial Review
Define the Supremacy Clause
Define the Equal Protection Clause and what Amendment is based on this idea.
Judicial Review-process used by the Supreme Court to establish if a law is unconstitutional.
Supremacy Clause-states that the Constitution is the highest law of the United States.
Equal Protection Clause states that all state governments treat individuals in similar situations equally under the law no matter their race, skin color or gender.
1. A state law requires racial segregation in public schools. Which case most directly overturns this policy?
2. A defendant cannot afford a lawyer and is denied one during trial. Which case best supports overturning the conviction?
1. Brown v. Board of Education
2. Gideon v Wainwright
How did the decision in Gideon v. Wainwright change the way state courts must treat defendants who cannot afford a lawyer, and why is this important for the fairness of trials?
Name the amendment that was violated
The decision required state courts to provide a lawyer to defendants in criminal cases who cannot afford one. This is important because it helps ensure fair trials—defendants have legal representation to defend their rights.
6th Amendment
Explain what the Supreme Court ruled in the following Landmark Supreme Court cases:
1. Dred Scott v Sanford
2. Plessy v Ferguson
1. That Dred Scott was still a slave even though he had lived in states that did not have slavery.
2. It did not go against the Constitution because it states in the Constitution that it is only for legal equality and not for equality in the social aspects.