Apartheid
What is apartheid?
The separation of people based on race in South Africa.
What is democratization?
The political process of moving from a less to a more democratic government characterized by more accountability, free and fair elections, protected rights, and strong civil society.
What is the 1996 Constitution
Who was Nelson Mandela?
First president after apartheid. Member of the ANC who helped negotiate a transition to democracy.
What year did South Africa transition to democracy?
1994
What is the PopulationArapt Registration Act?
Apartheid act in South Africa that required every citizen to be classified and registered according to their race.
What is the ANC?
African National Congress. Has been the main party in charge since democratization in 1994.
What type of electoral system does South Africa have?
Closed-List proportional representation. The members of the legislature are elected through closed-list PR and indirectly elected the president.
Who is Cyril Ramaphosa?
Current president of South Africa and member of the ANC.
What is the TRC?
Truth and reconciliation committee founded by Nelson Mandela to investigate the looming effects of apartheid. Granted amnesty to perpetrators and developed systems within government to prevent apartheid from happening again.
What is the group areas act? and what are bantustans?
Part of apartheid legislation which placed Black South Africans and other "minority" groups into geographically segregated neighborhoods known as bantustans or "tribal homelands"
What is BEE?
Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment. Was included in the 1996 constitution and outlined stimulus and aid for Black business owners and businessmen to give rise to the building of the Black middle/working class in South Africa after democratization.
What is Duverger's Law? Explain his theory
"Plurality and majority electoral systems lead to two-party systems for two reasons."
1. Mechanical: Only the two strongest parties have a chance of winning
2. Strategic: People don't "waste" their vote on a party that cannot win
Who was F. W. de Klerk?
Last president during apartheid movement. Negotiated with Nelson Mandela to end apartheid and bring the ANC into the government.
Why are there so many white people in South Africa?
When it was colonized by the Dutch in the 19th century, the Dutch relied on Capetown for imports. They brought many white settlers to the port in Capetown and turned South Africa into a settler colony.