geography
What oceans border South Africa?
Atlantic and Indian Oceans
What remained an important animal to herders throughout the Iron Age?
Cattle
What does Great Zimbabwe mean in Shona?
Houses of stone
Which kingdom did the Portuguese dominant after Great Zimbabwe?
Mutapa
What was a key supply point for European ships?
Cape Peninsula
What is the common geographical feature of the central areas? (Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Nambia)
High plateaus
What was a key symbol of wealth, marriage, and political power during the later Iron Age?
Cattle
What did the stone walls symbolize?
Status, power, and wealth
What was the Rozvi army nicknamed?
The destroyers
What caused the Khoisan decline?
technology gap, disease, Dutch violence, and land loss
What is the common geographical feature in the west areas? (Kalahari, Namib)
Dry deserts
What were the specialized crafts unique to Zimbabwe/South Africa in the 900s-1000s?
ivory bracelets and glass beads
When was the kingdom built?
1200-1450 CE
What was the name of the first ruler of the Mutapa Kingdom?
Mutota
After the Trekboers-Xhosa conflicts, where were the Trekboers confined?
West
What is a name of one of the major rivers?
Limpopo, Vaal, Orange
What did the gold rhinoceros symbolize in the Kingdom of Mapungubwe?
Elite wealth
What is the current role of the Zimbabwe Plateau?
Evidence of advanced statecraft
What kingdom resulted from civil wars in the Mutapa Kingdom?
Torwa kingdom
Who was the Dutch man who set up a permanent post in the Cape in 1652?
Jan van Riebeeck
What was the importance of the Indian Ocean?
Trade
What was traded for Asian glass beads and porcelain in the Kingdom of Thulamela?
What are the two main components of the Great Enclosure?
20 foot walls and conical tower
What was the name of the Mutapa rule who allied with Portuguese gunmen in the early 1600s?
Gatsi Rusere
What were the two main Dutch success factors?
Lack of disease and weak Khoisan resistance