Challenges in Area
Where did cities develop?
Many South Asians settle near areas with sufficient rainfall for agriculture; large cities have developed due to trading ports.
What civilization is known for the Indus River Valley?
The Indus River Valley civilization, which existed around 7000 BCE.
What are the Vedas?
Religious texts that describe rituals for followers of Hinduism.
Who was Siddhartha Gautama?
A Hindu prince who became the Buddha, or "Enlightened One."
What was a significant development in South Asia after the Gupta Empire?
The rise of numerous Hindu kingdoms and advances in math and science.
What economic challenges does South Asia face?
High poverty rates, developing mixed economies, and reliance on agriculture and manufacturing.
Who were the Indo-Aryans?
A group that settled in the Ganges River valley around 1600 BCE during the Vedic Age.
What is reincarnation in Hindu beliefs?
The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death.
What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?
1) All of life involves suffering, 2) Wanting things for oneself causes suffering, 3) Giving up selfish desires ends suffering, 4) Following the Eightfold Path helps
How did Islam arrive in South Asia?
Through trade routes and military conquest, establishing the Delhi Sultanate.
Describe the caste system's impact on society.
It creates a fixed social hierarchy that restricts interaction between different castes, leading to discrimination, especially against Dalits.
What system of social hierarchy developed in ancient India?
The Caste System, a fixed social class system.
What does karma represent in Hinduism?
The effect of a person’s actions in this life and previous lives, determining future rebirths.
What is the Eightfold Path?
A guide to ethical and mental development with the goal of freeing individuals from attachments and delusions, leading to enlightenment.
What was the Mughal Empire?
An empire founded by Babur in 1526 that ruled much of South Asia, known for its cultural achievements and conflicts.
What environmental challenges does South Asia face?
Air and water pollution, climate change, and rising sea levels.
What led to the decline of the Maurya Empire?
The decline occurred after the death of Asoka, who caused great suffering during his reign.
Name the four basic goals of Hindu life.
Dharma, Kama, Artha, and Moksha.
What are the two main branches of Buddhism?
Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism.
Who was Mohandas Gandhi?
A leader who protested British rule through non-violent means, advocating for Hindu-Muslim unity.
What challenges arise from political conflicts in South Asia?
Social tensions, traditional vs. modern lifestyles, and unfair treatment of people based on the caste system.
Which empires were prominent during Early Civilizations in South Asia?
The Maurya Empire and the Gupta Empire.
How did Hinduism spread throughout the world?
Through trade routes and its flexible nature, allowing acceptance of other religions.
What is Nirvana in Buddhism?
A state of blissful peace, free from suffering and reincarnation.
What led to the independence of India in 1947?
Growing demands for independence and the withdrawal of British forces.