Early Contact and Expedition
This explorer made the first recorded European contact with the region in 1502 during his famous fourth voyage.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This highland Maya kingdom declared allegiance to Spain soon after the fall of Tenochtitlan.
Who were the Kaqchikel?
This Spanish labor system granted settlers control over indigenous labor and tribute.
What was the encomienda system?
This term describes the persistent Maya actions of revolts and raids that challenged Spanish control for centuries.
What is resistance?
The Spanish exploited these pre-existing divisions between Maya polities to "divide and conquer".
What are political rivalries?
In 1511, this Spanish explorer landed on the Yucatán coast and was wounded in a battle with Maya warriors.
Who was Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba?
This is the main reason some Mayan fractions ally with the Spanish.
What is to gain advantage over rival Maya politics?
Spanish and religious authorities worked with these types of Maya settlements for administration in colonial Belize.
What were the cooperative settlement?
Alliances with the Spanish were often this, meaning they were temporary and based on immediate tactical needs.
What is fragile?
The Spanish founded this settlement, Salamanca de _____, to solidify alliances and maintain control after the conquest.
What is Bacalar?
This 1518 expedition, ___________________, captured the abandoned city of Campeche after a confrontation.
What was Juan de Grijalva's expedition?
Maya leaders who allied with the Spanish often did so to protect their own power or settle these kinds of internal disputes.
What are the inter-Maya Disputes?
Indigenous populations were forcibly moved into these concentrated settlements to facilitate control and conversion.
What are the reducciones?
Despite alliances, many Maya groups never fully submitted, showing that Spanish colonization was this type of process.
What is slow and contested?
The Spanish goal of economic ______ collection was a major focus, alongside resource extraction.
What is a tribute?
The first hostile contact with the Maya on the Yucatán coast occurred during expeditions between 1517 and this year.
What is 1519?
These Spanish brothers were key figures in the military campaigns to conquer Maya provinces in the 1520s-1540s.
Who were the Pacheco brothers?
This religious group actively pursued conversion to Christianity, directly supporting Spanish colonial goals.
Who were the missionaries?
The rugged terrain of the region was a major natural challenge to the establishment of this.
What is Spanish control?
A primary reason specific Maya factions allied with the Spanish was to gain an advantage over these.
What are rival polities?
What is 1518?
The Spanish found this settlement to to secure alliances and maintain control in the region.
What is the Salamanca de Bacalar?
This was how the Spanish legal and administrative systems interacted with indigenous structures.
What is overlaying and replacing local systems?
It took this long for Spain to fully consolidate control over the region.
What are decades?
Spanish missionaries and authorities in colonial Belize worked with cooperative Maya for administration and this other primary goal.
What is religious conversion?