Causes
Refers to the desire for regions to have more control over their own affairs, and in this case, to have their language accepted as official. 'Spain' is a concept rather a reality because of the diverse nature of the different areas. The biggest distinction is the language divide between Catalonia and the Basque region.
Both these areas had a long history and culture of their own. They hoped for greater self-government after the Republic was proclaimed in 1931
What is Spanish separatism?
Rich, army, high command, Church, landowners, monarchists(Pro King/Queen), fascist party (Falange), Carlists (Pro King/Queen), CEDA(Church)
Who were the Right-wing Nationalists?
Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right. A Catholic conservative force, thought it was a defence of the principles of Christian civilization and as an organisation, formed to protect religion, family, and property.
Who was CEDA?
Spanish general (right wing, conservative, militaristic, monarchist, catholic) whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)
Who was Francisco Franco?
A Spanish town that was brutally bombed and was full of innocent civilians it was supposed to encourage fear, Picasso painted a famous painting of the event.
Hostility to organised religion, particularly to the Catholic Church, which was common in Europe in the 19th century and sometimes encouraged by governments. Otto von Bismarck led a campaign in Germany against the church in the 1870s, and laws were passed against the church in France in 1902-05. In Spain, the new Republic passed anti-clerical measures between 1931 and 1933.
What is Anti-clericalism?
Communists, Socialists, Liberals, Anarcho-Syndicalists, Basques, Catalans, Marxists, and republicans (duh)
Who were the Left-wing Republicans?
Trotskyist Workers' Party of Marxist Unification. Spanish communist political party.
A unit composed of volunteers from the German Air Force and from the German Army which served with the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March 1939.
A right-wing government was elected?
April 1931, Spain becomes a Republic. Reforms causes anger in the church which loses control of divorce and marriage, as well as education. Religious symbols were removed from buildings. Church lost financial support from the state. Spain's religious and political divisions began to entwine, many Catholics felt they were under threat and needed to take political action.
An electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political dudes. The USSR gave its support. There were many divisions within the coalition itself, this ultimately proved to be a weakness for them against the more united Nationalist forces.
What is the Popular Front?
Supported the claim of the descendants of Don Carlos (the uncle of Queen Isabella II) to the throne of Spain. They wanted a return to a "traditionalist" ultra-Catholic monarchy.
Right Wing Leader of the Nationalist; executed by leftist death squad which for Spain's generals justifies military intervention, which then sparked the Civil War.
Who was Calvo Sotelo?
This event was a major strike action, against the entry of the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA) into the Spanish government on October 6, which took place in Asturias in northern Spain, that developed into a revolutionary uprising. It was crushed by the Spanish Navy and the Spanish Republican Army, the latter using mainly Moorish troops from Spanish Morocco. Francisco Franco controlled the movement of the troops, aircraft, warships and armoured trains used in the crushing of the revolution.
What was the Asturian miners' strike of 1934?
A theory of anarchism which views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as a method for workers in capitalist society to gain control of an economy and, with that control, influence broader society.
What was Anarcho-syndicalism?
(1898 -1980) Was a right-wing journalist who supported the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and opposed the Second Republic. He formed CEDA in 1933, which was basically antidemocratic and supported Franco. He was forced to dissolve his party in 1937, and he played little part in post-war Spain.
Who was Jose Maria Gil Robles?
A fascist (right wing) movement in Spain founded in 1933 by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera. It was an idealistic mix of Christian nationalism and an alternative to communism for the working classes. It attracted a great deal of intellectual support, and its members were fervent opponents of the Republic. Some 60% died in the war.
Who was the Falange?
Assumed power in 1902. He became increasingly autocratic and in 1909 was condemned for ordering the execution of the radical leader, Ferrer Guardia, in Barcelona. He also prevented liberal reforms being introduced before the First World War. Blamed for the Spanish defeat in the Moroccan War (1921). He was in constant conflict with Spanish politicians.
Who was Alfonso XIII?
Who withdrew from the government of the Popular Front, basically making it a farce?
The years of the 'Right' Republic.
What were the two black years.
National Confederation of Labour. A revolutionary, anarchist organization during the Spanish Civil War, they directly opposed Fascism and worked with the POUM militia until propaganda surfaced and led them away from unification. Left Side.
Unión General de Trabajadores. Major Spanish trade union, historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Left wing.
Who was the UGT?
Dictator of Spain between first and second republics of Spain. (1923 to 1930)
He ruled Spain during the 1920's. His government enacted a series of (mostly failed) social, political, and economic reforms. Overthrown to establish the second republic.
Who was Miguel Primo De Rivera?
Casas Viejas January 1933 (Cadiz Province)
Angry at the slow pace of reforms and inspired by anarchist actions elsewhere, farmers killed Civil Guards and began an uprising. The government sent Assault Guards who set houses on fire and burned many alive. 20 of the rebels were shot. Such acts of repression disillusioned many workers and landless peasants (setting the far left against the left).