Causes
Term referring to the belief and loyalty to one's country as a whole, often causing division when conflicting with regionalism and localism
Nationalism
Side in the Spanish Civil War consisted of socialists, communists, anarchists, and liberal democrats, aiming to defend against the Nationalist uprising and preserve democratic and social reforms
Republicans
City in the Basque region of Spain fell to Nationalist forces in March 1937 after being isolated and bombarded from the air, marking a significant victory for the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War
Bilbao
Artists and writers that were inspired by the Spanish Civil War and depicted its complexities in their works
Hemingway, Orwell, and Malraux
Political doctrine advocating the replacement of a central government with decentralized, employee-controlled committees, and aimed for shorter work weeks, higher wages, and better working conditions
Anarchosyndicalism
Foreign leader supported the Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War, dispatching transport planes and providing military equipment, including crucial air support, to General Franco's forces
Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Final big military operation of the Spanish Civil War, lasting from July to November 1938, saw Republicans initially gaining ground but ultimately facing a long and bloody stalemate, resulting in about 60,000 casualties on both sides
Ebro Offensive
Give 2 weaknesses of the Republican party
Political division, Limited assistance
Deep division in Spanish society
Landowners vs. Peasants
Fascist leader struck a secret agreement with General Franco in November 1936, promising support in a potential war with France in exchange for increased aid to the Nationalist army during the Spanish Civil War
Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Event during the Spanish Civil War, characterized by devastating air attacks, resulted in significant civilian casualties and has been viewed by some as an act of terror intended to break the will of the civilian population
Bombing of Guernica
Unity within the political party, good foreign assistance
Event in November 1933 saw a right-wing coalition come to power in Spain, sparking further unrest and dissatisfaction from the left and contributing to a cycle of political instability
The election of November 1933
Term describing the groups of volunteers from various countries who traveled to Spain to support the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War, motivated by anti-fascist ideology and the desire to defend democracy
International Brigades
Major offensive during the Spanish Civil War aimed to sever the link between Madrid and Valencia, resulting in significant casualties for both sides and a stalemate by the end of February
Battle of Jarama
How many people approximately died during the Spanish Civil War, with the majority being civilians, and how many Republican supporters fled the country after the Nationalist victory?
500,000 deaths and over 500,000 Republican supporters
The system of government that governed Spain from the abdication of Alfonso XIII in 1931 until the end of the Spanish Civil War, marked by ineffective reforms and political instability
The Second Front
A policy adopted by Western democracies like France and the USA during the Spanish Civil War, prohibited the sale of arms to both the Republicans and the Nationalists, severely hampering the Republican war effort
Policy of non-intervention
Foreign support significantly aided the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War, providing air power and skilled fighters, making it difficult for the Republicans to win
German Condor Legion
Tactics, introduced during the Spanish Civil War, served as a precursor to the Second World War, including the carpet bombing of civilians and the integrated use of air power, armor, and infantry
carpet bombing and integrated use of air power, armor, and infantry