Conquistadors & Conquest
Who were the conquistadors?
Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered lands in the Americas.
What was a pueblo?
Pueblo: town where Spanish settlers lived, farmed, and traded.
Who were the peninsulares?
Spanish people born in Spain who usually held the highest positions.
Who was Saint Juan Diego?
An Indigenous man who had converted to Christianity.
What unusual flowers did Juan Diego find blooming in winter?
Roses.
What were conquistadors looking for in the Americas?
Gold, wealth, land, spread christianity and glory for Spain.
What was a presidio?
presidio: A military fort where Spanish soldiers lived.
Who were the creoles?
People of Spanish ancestry who were born in the Americas.
Where was Juan Diego going when Our Lady first appeared to him?
He was going to morning Mass.
What is a tilma?
The cloak Juan Diego used to carry the roses.
Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire?
Hernán Cortés.
What was a mission?
mission: A catholic religious settlement where priests and friars worked to convert Native
Who were the mestizos and mulatos?
Mestizos: People of mixed Spanish and Native ancestry.
Mulatos: People of mixed Spanish and African ancestry.
What did Our Lady ask Juan Diego to tell the bishop to build at Tepeyac?
A shrine or church.
Why was it important that Our Lady chose Juan Diego instead of a wealthy Spanish ruler or conquistador?
It showed that Indigenous people also had an important place in the Catholic faith.
Which Spanish conquistador conquered the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro.
What parts of the Americas did the spanish explore and conquer?
Most of South America, all of central america, and north america including Mexico and southern parts of the US
What was the encomienda system?
A system that allowed Spanish settlers to demand labor or payments from Native people.
Why did the bishop ask Juan Diego for a sign?
He wanted proof that the Blessed Virgin had really appeared to him.
What did Las Casas and the story of Guadalupe both teach about Indigenous peoples?
Indigenous people have human dignity and should not be treated as inferior.
Give three reasons the Spanish were able to defeat the Aztec and Inca empires.
Better weapons and armor; horses and Native allies; European diseases such as smallpox.
What is the greatest inheritance from the Spanish conquest to the Americas?
The Catholic Faith
Why did Bartolomé de Las Casas object to the treatment of Native peoples?
He believed they were being treated cruelly and that they deserved freedom and human dignity.
What happened when Juan Diego opened his tilma in front of the bishop?
The roses fell out and the image of Our Lady appeared on the tilma. 500 years later the Tilma is still on display in Mexico
How were the abuses of Spanish colonization different from Catholic teaching about Native peoples?
Some colonists mistreated and exploited Native people, while Catholic teaching held that Native people had human dignity and should be treated as human beings with freedom and respect.