Spanish Exploration
Which European country mostly explored the parts of the New World that are now known as California and Mexico?
Spain
Name the 3 types of settlements the Spanish built in California.
Missions, Pueblos, Presidios
What jobs did men usually do at the missions?
Build missions, pueblos, and presidios
Tend to land and animals
What caused the population of California Indians to decline?
Died of disease - population shrunk tremendously
Who are the two important Spanish priests?
Junipero Serra
Juan Crespi
Why did the Spanish struggle to reach California by Ocean?
Strong current and winds
What was the purpose of a mission?
To teach and spread the Catholic religion to Native Californians.
What jobs did women usually do at the mission?
Wove fabric in workshops
What happened if the California Indians broke the rules?
They were mistreated and punished
Farming and ranching changed the way Indians lived because they no longer… what?
Rely on hunting and gathering.
Which TWO countries Spain feared would take California if they didn’t claim it?
Russian and Britain
What was the purpose of a pueblo?
A small farming community.
What jobs did children do at the missions?
Children were required to help
What happened if the California Indians left the missions after being baptized?
The missions forced them to stay; they were brought back if they left.
Why did more Indians become dependent on the missions for food?
Missions used up land and resources, so Indians couldn’t hunt and gather like before.
Explain WHY King Charles III decided to start building settlements in California.
He worried Russia and Britain might take the land, so he wanted Spain to control it.
What was the purpose of a presidio?
A military fort that protected the missions and pueblos.
Name one important skill Native Californians learned at the missions. Bonus points if you can list 3.
Farming
Ranching - take care of animals
Adaptation - many learned Spanish and about the Spanish culture
Explain how the missions caused Native Californians to lose parts of their identity.
They were not allowed to wear their own clothing or speak their own language.
Why is Junipero Serra important?
A priest who helped found the missions in California.
Why did it take the Spanish more than 200 years to build settlements in California? 4 Part Answer
Strong winds and ocean currents, mountains, deserts, and they didn’t think the land was valuable.
Where did the soldiers live?
Presidios
How did the missions force the California Indians away from being hunter-gatherers?
The mission started farming and used land that the natives used to hunt and gather.
Natives could no longer rely on meeting their own needs - rely on missions to provide food
What challenges did California Indians face while living on the mission? Bonus points if you list more than one challenge.
Couldn't wear their own clothing or speak own language
Once baptized, they couldn't leave on their own; when they would leave, they were brought back from their village
Hard labor - long days
Mistreated and punished if they broke the rules
Died of disease - population shrunk
Why is Juan Crespi important?
Went with Serra and kept a diary of their journey.