Atoms & Bonds
What charge do protons, electrons, and neutrons have?
Protons are positive, electrons are negative, and neutrons are neutral.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A hydrogen bond is a bond between the partially negative oxygen of one water molecule and the partially positive hydrogen of another water molecule
What are the four types of macromolecules?
Carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
Where is the DNA housed?
The Nucleus, specifically the nucleus, in animal cells
What is biology? Name 3 biology subtopics.
The study of life.
Where are electrons and where are protons in an atom?
Electrons orbit around the nucleus and protons are in the nucleus.
What is cohesion?
A: Cohesion is the property of water that allows water to stick to itself.
What is a monomer and what is a polymer?
A monomer is a single unit and a polymer is a large molecule made of a chain of monomers bonded together.
What are the differences between and animal and plant cell?
Plant cells have a cell wall, and chloroplasts and a central vacuoles. Animal only have an extra cellular matrix, don’t have chloroplasts.
What is the name of brain cells?
Neurons
How are electrons shared in an ionic bond?
One atom gives up electrons to the other, who takes them up.
What is adhesion?
Adhesion is the property of water that allows water to stick to other substances.
What reaction puts monomers together and what reaction breaks them apart?
Dehydration synthesis puts monomers together and hydrolysis breaks apart polymers into monomers.
List five cell parts and their functions.
Golgi Apparatus - modifies and ships proteins.
Nucleus- stores DNA
Ribosomes- synthesized proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum- synthesize lipids, detoxifies drugs, stores calcium, produces membrane, distributes transport vesicles, secretes proteins
Lysosomes- breaks down food, old cell parts
Vacuoles- pumps water out of cells, contain food.
Plasma Membrane- controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria- breaks down sugars to create ATP.
Chloraplasts- takes light energy converts to organic energy
Who was Gregor Mendel?
He was the scientists who developed the laws of inheritance that we use in genetics.
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is a measure of how hard an atom pulls on its electrons.
What is high specific heat and why is it important?
High specific heat is the property of water that allows water to absorb a lot of heat before it changes temperature. It is important because it allows organisms to stay at a constant temperature and makes sure bodies of water have moderate temperatures.
What are the two types of nucleic acids and what is the function of nucleic acid?
The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA and their function is to store genetic information.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
The phospholipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane.
What are the products and reactants of cellular respiration?
Reactants: Glucose (C6H12O6), ADP + P
Products: CO2 and H20
What are the two ways an atom can have a high electronegativity
An atom has a high electronegativity when it has a lot of protons and when it is small in size.
Why does ice float (explain using hydrogen bonds)?
When water is a liquid, hydrogen bonds are constantly forming and breaking. However, when water freezes, the hydrogen bonds do not break and cause water molecules to be spaced out from each other, causing ice to expand and be less dense than water.
What is the macromolecule that is used for short-term energy storage and what is the macromolecule used for long-term energy storage?
Carbs are used for short-term energy storage and lipids are used for long-term energy storage.
Describe the journey of a protein made from ribosome on the Rough ER.
The protein gets synthesized by a ribosome on the Rough ER and gets transported to the Golgi Apparatus and gets secreted.
Who’s the best teacher?
Sancia, obviously