Chs 1-4
A single, declarative sentence in which the speaker makes the central, overarching argument of their entire speech
What is a thesis statement?
The act of considering, finding, and collecting ideas and evidence in support of claims about the world is
What is research?
Type of speaking that emphasizes: (a) definition; (b) directness; (c) simplicity
What is speaking for clarity?
A form of communication that features: (a) open spaces for citizens to come together; (b) good and fair information to help structure the conversation; (c) skilled facilitators to guide the process
What is public deliberation?
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others is
What is ethnocentrism?
Form of audience analysis that involves reaching out to the speech organizer and asking that person for their assessment of the likely audience makeup
What is informant survey?
A slippery slope is
What is a logical fallacy that claims that a small and reasonable step will inevitably lead to the most severe and outlandish outcome?
Informative speeches are (multiple answers acceptable)
What is aiming for objectivity? (even though it is never completely possible)
What is the form of speaking that empowers others to decide or act?
What is a speech that does not have an explicit agenda other than to encourage their audience to be attentive and open to new info?
What is a speech that's purpose is to persuade the audience to learn new things?
What is a speech that's characteristics include: being genuinely informative, speaking for clarity, informative organization, and significant and explicit evidence
People's tendency to take evidence that confirms their existing views at face value while being highly critical and suspicious of information that challenges their existing views of an issue
What is confirmation bias?
Form of artistic proof that uses emotional appeals by the speaker
What is pathos?
BONUS: What defines forms of "artistic proof"?
What are channels?
A speech delivered with preparation from a loose set of notes and ideas; asks a speaker to become an expert in their topic but also be casual in the delivering of the speech
What is extemporaneous speaking?
Illustrative gestures are
What are gestures that have a distinct meaning beyond the speaker's words and go beyond the speech itself to create meaning
Correcting a person's misconceptions about a policy actually leads them to believe that misperception more deeply
What is the "backfire effect"?
A secondary dimension of an argument is
What is backing?
What is rebuttal?
What is qualifier?
Terms and phrases that include, invite, and represent the widest number of people possible
What is inclusive language?
The type of reasoning that helps a speaker arrive at a claim by pointing to something that signifies the meaning of something else
What is reasoning by sign?
An example of a way to speak for inclusion and affirmation is (multiple answers possible)
What is avoiding offensive terms, names, and phrases?
What is avoiding social justice elitism?
What is using gender-neutral language?
What is using ability-inclusive language?
What is using community-preferred terminology?
What is using preferred names and pronouns?
Some tips for facilitating dialogue are (Ch 14- Public Deliberation)
What is preparing dialogue questions in advance?
What is asking open-ended questions?
What is pausing for participation?
What is encouraging wide participation?
What is encouraging the audience to use the language of the speech?
What is actively asking for opposing viewpoints?
What is actively seeking values that you did not mention?
The degree of style and formality that a speech should have to be considered appropriate for a certain situation
What is decorum?
Glossophobia is
What is public speaking anxiety?
What is a common form of nervousness people feel before, during, and/ or after speaking before groups of people in a public setting?Form of inartistic proof that uses a previous successful finding or occurrence to justify how we should think of a similar contemporary event
What is precedent?
Speaking aids that rely on touch, textures, and the ability to encounter the authentic and genuine
What are haptic aids?
People's psychological tendency to demand strict traditionalism, security, and limitations of permissiveness and change when faced with perceived risk to self and/or values
What is authoritarian dynamic?
What is vocal variety?