Obesity & Energy Balance
BMI ≥ 30 indicates what classification?
What is obesity?
What 3 components make up the Female Athlete Triad?
Energy availability, menstrual function, bone health.
What type of training best reduces sarcopenia?
Resistance training.
Heart attacks are the #1 cause of death in which tactical group?
Firefighters.
Minimum moderate PA recommendation for adults per week?
150 minutes.
Define a chronic disease.
Long duration, slow progression, behavior-modifiable.
What hormone regulates appetite and satiety?
What is leptin?
What condition can lead to osteopenia, infertility, and disrupted growth?
Anorexia Nervosa.
What adaptation helps older adults prevent falls?
Power training (balance helps too, but is not a resistance training adaptation)
Complexes are valuable for tactical operators because they…
Address multiple fitness variables required for job tasks.
Vigorous intensity equals what % VO₂max range?
>60–90% VO₂max.
Leading cause of death annually?
Heart disease.
Which contributes most to daily caloric output? (TDEE)
What is resting metabolic rate (RMR) or basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Why is pelvic floor physical therapy beneficial during and after pregnancy?
To strengthen pelvic floor muscles to prevent incontinence.
Compared to aerobic exercise, this type of training often boosts confidence in overweight children by showing visible progress and success with small weight increases.
What is resistance training? (these kids need cardio too, but cardio will not initially boost confidence)
Why train thoracic spine mobility?
To improve overhead movement capacity.
Which describes “exercise” vs “physical activity”?
Exercise is structured, planned movement for fitness improvement.
Which disease features high blood glucose from insulin resistance?
Type II diabetes.
Two meals each have 500 calories, but one is high in fiber. Why does the high-fiber meal lead to less fat storage?
What is slower digestion and smaller insulin spikes, which reduce fat storage and increase fullness?
This factor must improve for menstrual function and bone health to return in athletes with the Female Athlete Triad.
What is energy availability?
Before progressing older adults to muscular endurance or power training, they should first build this foundation.
What is a foundational strength?
In the New South Wales law enforcement program, power is the final phase of training. Why is that phase placed last?
Because strength and movement competency must be developed first to safely produce high-velocity, high-force movements.
Before beginning an exercise program, clients complete this self-report form to identify potential signs or symptoms that warrant medical clearance.
What is the PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire)?
Unlike acute illnesses, chronic diseases progress slowly but can be improved or worsened by this major factor.
What are lifestyle or behavioral choices (like exercise, diet, and smoking)?
Describe the difference between EAT and NEAT and how both contribute to total daily energy expenditure.
EAT = structured exercise; NEAT = spontaneous movement (standing, fidgeting, chores).
How does low estrogen contribute to the increased fracture risk seen in the Female Athlete Triad?
What is because estrogen helps maintain bone remodeling balance, and its decline leads to greater bone resorption and lower bone density?
Training fundamental movement skills in children focuses on these three types of skills.
What are locomotor, object control, and stability skills?
Instead of chasing a daily calorie deficit, tactical operators should prioritize this nutrition goal to maintain job readiness and recovery.
What is achieving energy balance to preserve lean mass and performance?
Which symptom does NOT warrant test termination?
Increased HR, increased SBP
Explain how obesity contributes to cardiovascular disease pathophysiology.
Through insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular stiffness.